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Increased TGF\u03b21 acts as a signal for production of matrix macromolecules by fibrogenic cells at joint injury sites. TGF\u03b21, through its receptor TGF\u03b2R1, regulates genes involved in collagen cross\u2010linking, such as LOX, PLOD1, and PLOD2. We evaluated\n                      <jats:italic>TGF\u03b21, TGF\u03b2R1, LOX<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>PLOD1<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>PLOD2<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene expression in the antero\u2010inferior (macroscopically injured region), antero\u2010superior and posterior regions of the glenohumeral capsule of 29 shoulder instability patients and eight controls. We observed that\n                      <jats:italic>PLOD2<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression was increased in the anterior\u2010inferior capsule region of the patients compared to controls.\n                      <jats:italic>LOX<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression tended to be increased in the posterior portion of patients. Patients with recurrent shoulder dislocation presented upregulation of\n                      <jats:italic>TGF\u03b2R1<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the antero\u2010inferior capsule portion and of\n                      <jats:italic>PLOD2<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the posterior region. Conversely,\n                      <jats:italic>LOX<\/jats:italic>\n                      was increased in the posterior portion of the capsule of patients with a single shoulder dislocation episode. In the antero\u2010inferior,\n                      <jats:italic>LOX<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression was inversely correlated and\n                      <jats:italic>TGF\u03b2R1<\/jats:italic>\n                      was directly correlated with the duration of symptoms. In the posterior region,\n                      <jats:italic>PLOD2<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>TGF\u03b21<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>TGF\u03b2R1<\/jats:italic>\n                      were directly correlated with the duration of symptoms. In conclusion,\n                      <jats:italic>PLOD2<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression was increased in the macroscopically injured region of the capsule of patients. Upregulation of\n                      <jats:italic>TGF\u03b21<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>TGF\u03b2R1<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>PLOD2<\/jats:italic>\n                      seems to be related with the maintenance of disease symptoms, especially in the posterior region.\n                      <jats:italic>LOX<\/jats:italic>\n                      upregulation seems to occur only in the initial phase of the affection. Therefore,\n                      <jats:italic>TGF\u03b21<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>TGF\u03b2R1, LOX<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>PLOD2<\/jats:italic>\n                      may play a role in shoulder instability. \u00a9 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:510\u2013517, 2016.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,17]],"date-time":"2015-07-17T07:35:35Z","timestamp":1437118535000},"page":"510-517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Expression analysis of genes involved in collagen cross\u2010linking and its regulation in traumatic anterior shoulder instability"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Paulo Santoro","family":"Belangero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo 04038\u2010031 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana Ferreira","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia Universidade Federal 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