{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T06:36:56Z","timestamp":1772692616219,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,24]],"date-time":"2015-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007270","name":"University of Michigan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Significant research exists regarding heat production during single\u2010hole bone drilling. No published data exist regarding repetitive sequential drilling. This study elucidates the phenomenon of heat accumulation for sequential drilling with both Kirschner wires (K wires) and standard two\u2010flute twist drills. It was hypothesized that cumulative heat would result in a higher temperature with each subsequent drill pass. Nine holes in a 3\u2009\u00d7\u20093 array were drilled sequentially on moistened cadaveric tibia bone kept at body temperature (about 37\u00b0C). Four thermocouples were placed at the center of four adjacent holes and 2\u2009mm below the surface. A battery\u2010driven hand drill guided by a servo\u2010controlled motion system was used. Six samples were drilled with each tool (2.0\u2009mm K wire and 2.0 and 2.5\u2009mm standard drills). K wire drilling increased temperature from 5\u00b0C at the first hole to 20\u00b0C at holes 6 through 9. A similar trend was found in standard drills with less significant increments. The maximum temperatures of both tools increased from &lt;0.5\u00b0C to nearly 13\u00b0C. The difference between drill sizes was found to be insignificant (<jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>&gt;\u20090.05). In conclusion, heat accumulated during sequential drilling, with size difference being insignificant. K wire produced more heat than its twist\u2010drill counterparts. This study has demonstrated the heat accumulation phenomenon and its significant effect on temperature. Maximizing the drilling field and reducing the number of drill passes may decrease bone injury. \u00a9 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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