{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T13:52:17Z","timestamp":1762955537110},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,8]],"date-time":"2016-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003151","name":"Quebec Fund for Research in Nature and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003151","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label \/><jats:p>Osteochondrosis is an ischemic chondronecrosis of epiphyseal growth cartilage that results in focal failure of endochondral ossification and osteochondritis dissecans at specific sites in the epiphyses of humans and animals, including horses. The upstream events leading to the focal ischemia remain unknown. The epiphyseal growth cartilage matrix is composed of proteoglycan and collagen macromolecules and encases its vascular tree in canals. The matrix undergoes major dynamic changes in early life that could weaken it biomechanically and predispose it to focal trauma and vascular failure. Subregions in neonatal foal femoral epiphyses (<jats:italic>n\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u200910 osteochondrosis predisposed; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096 control) were assessed for proteoglycan and collagen structure\/content employing 3T quantitative MRI (3T qMRI: T1\u03c1 and T2 maps). Site\u2010matched validations were made with histology, immunohistochemistry, and second\u2010harmonic microscopy. Growth cartilage T1\u03c1 and T2 relaxation times were significantly increased (<jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20090.002) within the proximal third of the trochlea, a site predisposed to osteochondrosis, when compared with other regions. However, this was observed in both control and osteochondrosis predisposed specimens. Microscopic evaluation of this region revealed an expansive area with low proteoglycan content and a hypertrophic\u2010like appearance on second\u2010harmonic microscopy. We speculate that this matrix structure and composition, though physiological, may weaken the epiphyseal growth cartilage biomechanically in focal regions and could enhance the risk of vascular failure with trauma leading to osteochondrosis. However, additional investigations are now required to confirm this. 3T qMRI will be useful for future non\u2010invasive longitudinal studies to track the osteochondrosis disease trajectory in animals and humans. \u00a9 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1743\u20131752, 2016.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,27]],"date-time":"2016-01-27T11:23:05Z","timestamp":1453893785000},"page":"1743-1752","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Femoral epiphyseal cartilage matrix changes at predilection sites of equine osteochondrosis: Quantitative MRI, second\u2010harmonic microscopy, and histological findings"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Gabrielle","family":"Martel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles\u2010Andr\u00e9","family":"Couture","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRS\u2010EMT Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MR Clinical Science Philips Healthcare Markham Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Bancelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRS\u2010EMT Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Richard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Moser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Centre Hospitalier de l'Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al H\u00f4pital Notre\u2010Dame Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Kiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Centre Hospitalier de l'Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al H\u00f4pital Notre\u2010Dame Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"L\u00e9gar\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRS\u2010EMT Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheila","family":"Laverty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.03.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985811398250"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588902600108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"164","article-title":"[Histological study of cartilage channels in the epiphyseal cartilage of young dogs and their relationship to that of osteochondrosis dissecans in the most frequently affected locations]","volume":"103","author":"Weiss S","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516408X297453"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22203\/eCM.v026a03"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.44-4-429"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.03.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.1881"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"153","article-title":"Osteochondrosis in the horse. II. Pathology","volume":"358","author":"Rejn\u00f6 S","year":"1978","journal-title":"Acta Radiol Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2009.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.169.1.9207523"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002142-200304000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2332030131"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2392050360"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2421050680"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.207.3.9609885"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200201000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.03.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24313"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2006.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2251011461"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516409X452134"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.5.000233"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.04.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05308.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05310.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-11-12-0182"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516407X239836"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05323.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589202900605"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20375"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32607\/20758251-2014-6-3-89-97"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/79.7.990"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/1916"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-004-0161-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8832(11)80205-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.1168"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2009.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200012000-00025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2005.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23149"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-011-0310-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2013.07.003"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjor.23176","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjor.23176","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jor.23176","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T05:21:18Z","timestamp":1694928078000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jor.23176"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,8]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jor.23176"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jor.23176","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0736-0266","1554-527X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0736-0266","type":"print"},{"value":"1554-527X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-08-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-01-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-02-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}