{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T18:11:28Z","timestamp":1767982288160,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,29]],"date-time":"2016-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006315","name":"Reumafonds","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LLP\u201022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LLP\u201022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006315","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Several experimental models of osteoarthritis in rats are used to study the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis. Many mechanically induced models have the limitation that permanent joint instability is induced by, for example, ligament transection or meniscal damage. This permanent instability will counteract the potential beneficial effects of therapy. The groove model of osteoarthritis uses a one\u2010time trigger, surgically induced cartilage damage on the femoral condyles, and has been validated for the canine tibia\u2010femoral compartment. The present study evaluates this model for the rat knee joint. The articular cartilage of the weight bearing surface of both femoral condyles and trochlea were damaged (grooved) without damaging the underlying subchondral bone. Severity of joint degeneration was histologically assessed, in addition to patella cartilage damage, and subchondral bone characteristics by means of (contrast\u2010enhanced) micro\u2010CT. Mild histological degeneration of the surgically untouched tibial plateau cartilage was observed in addition to damage of the femoral condyles, without clear synovial tissue inflammation. Contrast enhanced micro\u2010CT demonstrated proteoglycan loss of the surgically untouched patella cartilage. Besides, a more sclerotic structure of the subchondral bone was observed. The tibia\u2010femoral groove model in a rat results in mild knee joint degeneration, without permanent joint instability and joint inflammation. This makes the rat groove model a useful model to study the onset and progression of post\u2010traumatic non\u2010inflammatory osteoarthritis, creating a relatively sensitive model to study disease modifying osteoarthritic drugs. \u00a9 2016 The Authors. <jats:italic>Journal of Orthopaedic Research<\/jats:italic> published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 35:496\u2013505, 2017.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,16]],"date-time":"2016-05-16T21:53:11Z","timestamp":1463435591000},"page":"496-505","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Groove model of tibia\u2010femoral osteoarthritis in the rat"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Huub M.","family":"de Visser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology University Medical Center Utrecht UMC Utrecht, F.02.127, P.O. 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