{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:59:33Z","timestamp":1791561573594,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,7]],"date-time":"2017-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Orthopedic trauma surgeons often encounter Smith's fracture in patients who report that they have fallen on the palms of their hands. The aim of this study was to clarify the pathogenesis of Smith's fracture in basic clinical aspects. First, a survey was conducted for investigating the mechanism of injury and arm position at the time of injury among patients with Smith's fractures who consulted at our outpatient clinic. Second, we created three\u2010dimensional finite element models (FEMs) to predict the influence of arm position on the type of injury resulting from a fall. These predictions were then used in ten freshly frozen cadavers to provide experimental proof of Smith's fractures resulting from the impact on the palmar side. Twenty\u2010six patients (5 males and 21 females) with Smith's fractures were enrolled in this study. Injury resulting from a fall on the palm of the hand, the dorsum, or ulno\u2010dorsum of the hand, and fisting handle was observed in 16 cases (61%), 3 cases (12%), and 1 case (4%), respectively. Six patients were uncertain of their arm position at the time of injury. FEM analysis showed that Smith's fractures occurred when the angle between the long axis of the forearm and the ground was 30\u00b0\u201345\u00b0 in the sagittal plane and 75\u00b0\u201390\u00b0 in the coronal plane. Smith's fractures occurred in 7 of 10 wrists in the experimental study, whereas no Colles\u2019 fractures were observed. This study demonstrated that Smith's fracture results from falling on the palm of the hand. \u00a9 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2435\u20132441, 2017.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]],"date-time":"2017-03-06T12:36:45Z","timestamp":1488803805000},"page":"2435-2441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Smith's fracture generally occurs after falling on the palm of the hand"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Matsuura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University 1\u20108\u20101 Inohana, Chuo\u2010ku Chiba 260\u20108670 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Rokkaku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University 1\u20108\u20101 Inohana, Chuo\u2010ku Chiba 260\u20108670 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Kuniyoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University 1\u20108\u20101 Inohana, Chuo\u2010ku Chiba 260\u20108670 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhisa","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University 1\u20108\u20101 Inohana, Chuo\u2010ku Chiba 260\u20108670 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takane","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Chiba Aoba Municipal Hospital 1273\u20102 Aoba\u2010cho Cyuou\u2010ku Chiba 260\u20100852 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aya","family":"Kanazuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University 1\u20108\u20101 Inohana, Chuo\u2010ku Chiba 260\u20108670 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyo","family":"Akasaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University 1\u20108\u20101 Inohana, Chuo\u2010ku Chiba 260\u20108670 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoya","family":"Hirosawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University 1\u20108\u20101 Inohana, Chuo\u2010ku Chiba 260\u20108670 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maki","family":"Iwase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University 1\u20108\u20101 Inohana, Chuo\u2010ku Chiba 260\u20108670 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsuro","family":"Yamazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University 1\u20108\u20101 Inohana, Chuo\u2010ku Chiba 260\u20108670 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumihisa","family":"Orita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University 1\u20108\u20101 Inohana, Chuo\u2010ku Chiba 260\u20108670 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seiji","family":"Ohtori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University 1\u20108\u20101 Inohana, Chuo\u2010ku Chiba 260\u20108670 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.012802"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2006.04.130"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-010-1463-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2011.606074"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"181","article-title":"On the fracture of the carpal extremity of the radius","volume":"10","author":"Colles A","year":"1814","journal-title":"Edinb Med Surg J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"129","volume-title":"A treatise on fractures in the vicinity of joint and on certain forms of accidental and congenital dislocations","author":"Smith RW","year":"1847"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Fracture of the distal radius including sequelae\u2010shoulder\u2010hand\u2010finger syndrome, disturbance in the distal radio\u2010ulnar joint and impairment of nerve function. 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