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Despite bacteria was eradicated from joint cavity during acute infection, destruction of articular cartilage often continues for years, leading to permanent joint damage. The mechanism responsible for this consistent catabolic reaction in septic arthritis remains unclear. Here, we found that fermentation supernatant (FS) of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> accelerated dedifferentiation of chondrocytes and induced expression of catabolic factors including A Disintegrin\u2010like and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin\u20101 motifs 5, NO synthase 2, matrix metalloproteinase\u20103, \u201013. In response to FS of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> stimulation, expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) including \u03b2\u2010defensin\u20101, \u20102, \u20103, \u20104, cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) in dedifferentiated chondrocytes was significantly higher than that in chondrocytes which maintained their differentiated phenotype. Among AMPs detected, expression of CAMP in dedifferentiated chondrocytes was observed to increase 170 times higher than that in differentiated ones. When exposed to FS of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>, expression of interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2, IL\u201017F, and IL\u201022 were remarkably increased in dedifferentiated chondrocytes. These results indicated that dedifferentiation of chondrocytes caused by exposure to <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> might be responsible for secondary osteoarthritis (OA) after acute <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> infection in joint. While, one potential benefit of dedifferentiation resulted from <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> exposure is that chondrocytes initiates a self\u2010protective responsiveness by producing more AMPs against bacterial infection. \u00a9 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:443\u2013451, 2018.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]],"date-time":"2017-05-17T13:46:01Z","timestamp":1495028761000},"page":"443-451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Exposure to fermentation supernatant of <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> accelerated dedifferentiation of chondrocytes and production of antimicrobial peptides"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Shuaijun","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tongji Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine 389 Xincun Road Shanghai 200065 P. R. 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