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This study aimed to investigate the clinical effects of PRP and its biological components. A total of 156 patients with LE were randomly divided into group 1, treated with a single injection of 2\u2010ml autologous PRP, and group 2, treated with a control received only physical therapy without injection. Both groups used a tennis elbow strap and performed stretching and strengthening exercises during 24 weeks\u2019 follow\u2010up. Pain and functional improvements were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS), Modified Mayo Clinic Performance Index for the elbow, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). White blood cell count, platelet count, and levels of platelet\u2010derived growth factor\u2010AB (PDGF\u2010AB), PDGF\u2010BB, transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2 (TGF\u2010\u03b2), vascular endothelial growth factor, epithelial growth factor, and interleukin\u20101 \u03b2 in PRP were measured and investigated for statistical correlation with the clinical score. At 24 weeks, all pain and functional variables, including VAS score, Mayo Clinic performance scores, and MRI grade, improved significantly in group 1 (<jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20090.05). PDGF\u2010AB, PDGF\u2010BB, and TGF\u2010\u03b2 levels were more significantly increased in PRP than in whole blood. TGF\u2010\u03b2 level significantly correlated with Mayo Clinic performance score and MRI grade improvement. Thus, TGF\u2010\u03b2 level in PRP is considered to play a pivotal role in tendon healing. These results may contribute to identifying the best protocol for PRP application in tendinopathies. \u00a9 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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