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Surgical treatment of DDH has improved in the last decade, allowing excellent outcomes at short\u2010 and mid\u2010term follow\u2010up. Still, the etiology, mechanobiology, and pathology underlying this disease are not well understood. A pre\u2010clinical animal model of DDH could help advance the field with a deeper understanding of specific pathways that initiate hip joint degeneration secondary to abnormal biomechanics. An animal model would also facilitate different interventional treatments that could be tested in a rigorous and controlled environment. The dog model exhibits several important characteristics that make it valuable as a pre\u2010clinical animal model for human DDH. Dogs are naturally prone to develop canine hip dysplasia (CHD), which is treated in a similar manner as in humans. Comparable to human DDH, CHD is considered a pre\u2010OA disease; if left untreated it will progress to OA. However, progression to OA is significantly faster in dogs than humans, with progression to OA within 1\u20132 years of age, associated with their shorter life span compared to humans. Animal studies could potentially reveal the underlying biochemical pathway(s), which can inform refined treatment modalities and provide opportunities for new treatment and prevention targets. Herein, we review the similarities and differences between the two species and outline the argument supporting CHD as an appropriate pre\u2010clinical model of human DDH. \u00a9 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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