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First, 40 rats were assigned to the following four groups: Sham, SBF, Medial meniscal tear (MMT), and MMT\u2009+\u2009SBF groups. In SBF and MMT\u2009+\u2009SBF groups, we induced SBF by microdrilling the subchondral bone. Second, 10 additional rats were randomly assigned to the following two groups: MMT\u2009+\u2009SBF\u2009+\u2009saline and MMT\u2009+\u2009SBF\u2009+\u2009PTH groups. Osteoarthritic changes in the articular cartilage and subchondral bone were evaluated using safranin\u2010O\/fast green staining, matrix metalloproteinase\u201013 (MMP\u201013), and type X collagen immunohistochemistry, toluidine blue staining, and micro\u2010CT scanning. The combination of SBF and meniscal tear increased the number of mast cells in the subchondral bone, and led to the abnormal subchondral bone microarchitecture, such as abnormally decreased trabecular number and increased trabecular thickness, compared with meniscal tear alone. Moreover, SBF with meniscal tear enhanced articular cartilage degeneration and increased the expression of MMP\u201013 and type X collagen, compared with meniscal tear alone. The administration of PTH decreased the number of mast cells in the subchondral bone and improved the microstructural parameters of the subchondral bone, and delayed the progression of articular cartilage degeneration. These results suggest that SBF is one of the factors underlying the osteoarthritis development, especially in knees with traumatic osteoarthritis, and that the administration of PTH is a potential therapeutic treatment for preventing OA progression. \u00a9 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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