{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T12:11:38Z","timestamp":1774008698524,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,24]],"date-time":"2018-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AR069537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR069537"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Rotator cuff supraspinatus tendon injuries are clinically challenging due to the high rates of failure after surgical repair. One key limitation to functional healing is the failure to regenerate the enthesis transition between tendon and bone, which heals by disorganized scar formation. Using two models of supraspinatus tendon injury in mouse (partial tear and full detachment\/repair), the purpose of the study was to determine functional gait outcomes and identify the origin of the cells that mediate healing. Consistent with previous reports, enthesis injuries did not regenerate; partial tear resulted in a localized scar defect adjacent to intact enthesis, while full detachment with repair resulted in full disruption of enthesis alignment and massive scar formation between tendon and enthesis fibrocartilage. Although gait after partial tear injury was largely normal, gait was permanently impaired after full detachment\/repair. Genetic lineage tracing of intrinsic tendon and cartilage\/fibrocartilage cells (<jats:italic>Scx<jats:sup>CreERT2<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Sox9<jats:sup>CreERT2<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic>, respectively), myofibroblasts (<jats:italic>\u03b1SMA<jats:sup>CreERT2<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic>), and Wnt\u2010responsive stem cells (<jats:italic>Axin2<jats:sup>CreERT2<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic>) failed to identify scar\u2010forming cells in partial tear injury. Unmineralized enthesis fibrocartilage was strongly labeled by <jats:italic>Sox9<jats:sup>CreERT2<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic> while <jats:italic>Axin2<jats:sup>CrERT2<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic> labeled a subset of tendon cells away from the skeletal insertion site. In contrast to the partial tear model, <jats:italic>Axin2<jats:sup>CreERT2<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic> labeling showed considerable contribution of <jats:italic>Axin2<jats:sup>lin<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic> cells to the scar after full detachment\/repair. Clinical Significance: Clinically relevant models of rotator cuff tendon injuries in mouse enable the use of genetic tools; lineage tracing suggests that distinct mechanisms of healing are activated with full detachment\/repair injuries versus partial tear. \u00a9 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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