{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:50:25Z","timestamp":1792457425397,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]],"date-time":"2019-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mechanical stress has an important effect on tendon\u2010to\u2010bone healing. The purpose of the present study was to compare tendon\u2010to\u2010bone healing in animals exposed to either tendon unloading (botulinum toxin injection) or excessive loading (treadmill running) in a murine rotator cuff repair model. Forty\u2010eight C57BL\/6 mice underwent unilateral supraspinatus tendon detachment and repair. Mice in the unloaded group were injected with botulinum toxin to the supraspinatus muscle. The contralateral shoulder of the unloaded group was used as a control. Mice were euthanized at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after surgery and evaluated with hematoxylin\u2013eosin and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for Ihh, Gli1, Wnt3a, and \u03b2\u2010catenin. The positive staining area on IHC and the Modified Tendon Maturing Score were measured. The score of the unloaded group was significantly higher (better healing) than that of the treadmill group at 4 weeks. Ihh and the glioma\u2010associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli1) positive area in the unloaded group were\u00a0significantly higher than those of the control group at 1 week. The peak time\u2010points of the Ihh and Gli1 positive area was 1 week for the unloaded group and 2 weeks for the treadmill group. The Wnt3a positive area in the unloaded group was significantly higher than that of the control group at 2 weeks. The \u03b2\u2010catenin positive area in the unloaded group was significantly higher than that of the treadmill group and the control group at 1 week. Our data indicated that the unloaded group has superior tendon maturation compared to the treadmill running group. Excessive tendon loading may delay the tendon healing process by affecting the activity of Ihh and Wnt\/\u03b2\u2010Catenin pathways. \u00a9 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1628\u20131637, 2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]],"date-time":"2019-04-12T12:25:16Z","timestamp":1555071916000},"page":"1628-1637","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Postoperative Tendon Loading With Treadmill Running Delays Tendon\u2010to\u2010Bone Healing: Immunohistochemical Evaluation in a Murine Rotator Cuff Repair Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0310-2347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susumu","family":"Wada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Joint Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program The Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir H.","family":"Lebaschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory 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