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However, in vivo joint kinematics in functional ankle instability (FAI) patients and lateral ankle sprain (LAS) copers, especially during dynamic activities, are poorly understood. Ten FAI patients, 10 LAS copers, and 10 healthy controls were included in this study. A dual fluoroscopic imaging system was used to analyze the tibiotalar and subtalar joint kinematics during stair descent. Five key poses of stair descent were analyzed. Kinematic data from six degrees of freedom were calculated utilizing a solid modeling software. The range of motion and joint positions in each degree of freedom were compared among the three groups. The tibiotalar joints of FAI patients and LAS copers were significantly more inverted than those of healthy controls during the foot strike (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.016, <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jor24303-math-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:07360266:media:jor24303:jor24303-math-0001\"\/>\u2009=\u20090.264). The subtalar joints of FAI patients were significantly more anteriorly translated (pose 2, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003, <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jor24303-math-0002.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:07360266:media:jor24303:jor24303-math-0002\"\/>\u2009=\u20090.352; pose 3, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jor24303-math-0003.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:07360266:media:jor24303:jor24303-math-0003\"\/>\u2009=\u20090.454; pose 4, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004, <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jor24303-math-0004.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:07360266:media:jor24303:jor24303-math-0004\"\/>\u2009=\u20090.334), inverted (pose 4, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.027, <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jor24303-math-0005.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:07360266:media:jor24303:jor24303-math-0005\"\/>\u2009=\u20090.234; pose 5,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.034, <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jor24303-math-0006.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:07360266:media:jor24303:jor24303-math-0006\"\/>\u2009=\u20090.221), and externally rotated (pose 4, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.037, <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jor24303-math-0007.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:07360266:media:jor24303:jor24303-math-0007\"\/>\u2009=\u20090.217; pose 5; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004, <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jor24303-math-0008.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:07360266:media:jor24303:jor24303-math-0008\"\/>\u2009=\u20090.331) than those of healthy controls during the mid\u2010stance and the heel off. The FAI patients showed excessive tibiotalar inversion and subtalar joint hypermobility during stair descent. Meanwhile, the LAS copers maintained subtalar joint stability, and only showed excessive tibiotalar inversion in foot strike. These data provide insight into the mechanisms behind the development of FAI after initial LAS. \u00a9 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1860\u20131867, 2019<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]],"date-time":"2019-04-12T12:51:37Z","timestamp":1555073497000},"page":"1860-1867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["In Vivo Kinematics of Functional Ankle Instability Patients and Lateral Ankle Sprain Copers During Stair Descent"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Shengxuan","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiazhang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2_1","first-page":"364","article-title":"Functional anatomy, pathomechanics, and pathophysiology of lateral ankle instability","volume":"37","author":"Hertel J","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Athl 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