{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T07:46:19Z","timestamp":1778744779775,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,31]],"date-time":"2019-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007270","name":"University of Michigan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Orthopaedic Surgery Research Advisory Committee"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Orthopaedic Surgery Research Advisory Committee"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Heat generation during insertion of Kirschner wires (K\u2010wires) may lead to thermal osteonecrosis and can affect the construct fixation. Unidirectional and oscillatory drilling modes are options for K\u2010wire insertion, but understanding of the difference in heat generation between the two modes is lacking. The goal of this study was to compare the temperature rise during K\u2010wire insertion under these two modes and provide technical guidelines for K\u2010wire placement to minimize thermal injury. Ten orthopedic surgeons were instructed to drill holes on hydrated ex vivo bovine bones under two modes. The drilling trials were evaluated in terms of temperature, thrust force, torque, drilling time, and tool wear. The analysis of variance showed that the oscillatory mode generated significantly lowered peak bone temperature rise (13% lower mean value, <jats:italic>p\u2009=\u2009<\/jats:italic>0.036) over significantly longer drilling time (46% higher mean time, <jats:italic>p\u2009&lt;\u2009<\/jats:italic>0.001) than the unidirectional mode. Drilling time had significant effect on peak bone temperature rise under both modes (<jats:italic>p\u2009&lt;\u2009<\/jats:italic>0.001) and impact of peak thrust force was significant under oscillatory mode (<jats:italic>p\u2009&lt;\u2009<\/jats:italic>0.001). These findings suggest that the drilling mode choice is a compromise between peak temperature and bone exposure time. Shortening the drilling time was the key under both modes to minimize temperature rise and thermal necrosis risk. To achieve faster drilling, technique analysis found that \u201cshaky\u201d and intermittent drilling with moderate thrust force are preferred techniques by small vibration of the drill about the K\u2010wire axis and slight lift\u2010up of the K\u2010wire once or twice during drilling. \u00a9 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1903\u20131909, 2019<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T10:46:48Z","timestamp":1557744408000},"page":"1903-1909","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Evaluation of Heat Generation in Unidirectional Versus Oscillatory Modes During K\u2010Wire Insertion in Bone"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Yuanqiang","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Hunan University  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4042-9912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fred T.","family":"Finney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dae Woo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Convergence Technology National Cancer Center  Goyang South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul G.","family":"Talusan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert 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