{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:47:13Z","timestamp":1786978033264,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,24]],"date-time":"2019-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Degeneration of the human intervertebral disc (IVD) is assumed to underlie severe clinical symptoms, in particular chronic back pain. Since adhesion\/growth\u2010regulatory galectins are linked to arthritis\/osteoarthritis pathogenesis by activating a pro\u2010degradative\/\u2010inflammatory gene expression signature, we hypothesized a similar functional involvement of galectins in IVD degeneration. Immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of galectins\u20101 and \u20103 in IVD is provided comparatively for specimens of spondylochondrosis, spondylolisthesis, and spinal deformity. Immunopositivity was detected in sections of fixed IVD specimens in each cellular compartment with age\u2010, disease\u2010, and galectin\u2010type\u2010related differences. Of note, presence of both galectins correlated with IVD degeneration, whereas correlation with age was seen only for galectin\u20103. In addition, staining profiles for these two galectins showed different distribution patterns in serial sections, an indication for non\u2010redundant functionalities. In vitro, both galectins bound to IVD cells in a glycan\u2010dependent manner. However, exclusively galectin\u20101 binding triggered a significant induction of functional disease markers (i.e., IL6, CXCL8, and MMP1\/3\/13) with involvement of the nuclear factor\u2010kB pathway. This study thus gives direction to further network analyses and functional studies on galectins in IVD degeneration. \u00a9 2019 The Authors.\n                    <jats:italic>Journal of Orthopaedic Research<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00ae published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 37:2204\u20132216, 2019\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T05:51:18Z","timestamp":1558504278000},"page":"2204-2216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Galectins\u20101 and \u20103 in Human Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Non\u2010Uniform Distribution Profiles and Activation of Disease Markers Involving NF\u2010\u03baB by Galectin\u20101"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1895-1125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Elshamly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology Medical University of Vienna  1090 Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Division of Orthopedics Medical University of 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M.","family":"Walzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology Medical University of Vienna  1090 Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Windhager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology Medical University of Vienna  1090 Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Division of Orthopedics Medical University of Vienna  1090 Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans\u2010Joachim","family":"Gabius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ludwig\u2010Maximilians University Munich, 80539  Munich 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