{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T09:42:30Z","timestamp":1775209350560,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Kirschner wire (K\u2010wire) is a common tool in clinical orthopedic surgery for bone fracture fixation. A significant amount of heat is generated in bone drilling using K\u2010wires, causing bone thermal necrosis and osteonecrosis. To minimize the temperature rise, a hollow notched K\u2010wire in a modified surgical hand drill with through\u2010tool cooling was developed to study the bone temperature, debris evacuation, and material removal rate. The hollow notched K\u2010wire was fabricated by grinding and micro\u2010milling on a stainless steel tube. Bone drilling tests were conducted to evaluate its performance against the solid K\u2010wires. Results showed that compared with solid K\u2010wires, hollow notched K\u2010wire drilling without cooling reduced the peak bone temperature rise, thrust force, and torque by 42%, 59%, and 62% correspondingly. The through\u2010tool compressed air reduced the peak bone temperature rise by 48% with the forced air convection and better debris evacuation. The through\u2010tool water cooling decreased the bone temperature by only 26% due to accumulation and blockage of bone debris in the groove and channel. This study demonstrated the benefit of using the hollow notched K\u2010wire with through\u2010tool compressed air to prevent the bone thermal necrosis. \u00a9 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2297\u20132306, 2019<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]],"date-time":"2019-07-23T08:39:31Z","timestamp":1563871171000},"page":"2297-2306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Hollow Notched K\u2010Wires for Bone Drilling With Through\u2010Tool Cooling"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Yuanqiang","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Hunan University Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4042-9912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert J.","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200412000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(00)00251-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-199701000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2015.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(83)90174-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(02)00014-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/JHSB.1998.0055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_9_1","first-page":"266","article-title":"Ueber nagelextension","volume":"64","author":"Kirschner M","year":"1909","journal-title":"Beitr Klin Chir"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198701000-00005","article-title":"Biomechanical effects of point configuration in Kirschner\u2010wire fixation","volume":"214","author":"Namba RS","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199210000-00044","article-title":"Biomechanical effects of a new point configuration and a modified cross\u2010sectional configuration in Kirschner\u2010wire fixation","volume":"283","author":"Graebe A","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_12_1","unstructured":"BelmontB LiW ShihA et al.2014.Micromilling surface patterns for enhanced Kirschner wire bone drilling. 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