{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T00:29:47Z","timestamp":1794443387779,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]],"date-time":"2019-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite its presence in orthopaedic infections, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>'s ability to directly induce inflammation and bone destruction is unknown. Thus, we compared a clinical strain of methicillin\u2010resistant biofilm\u2010producing <jats:italic>S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic> (RP62A) to a highly virulent and osteolytic strain of methicillin\u2010resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (USA300) in an established murine implant\u2010associated osteomyelitis model. Bacterial burden was assessed by colony forming units (CFUs), tissue damage was assessed by histology and micro\u2010computed tomography, biofilm was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), host gene expression was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and osseous integration was assessed via biomechanical push\u2010out test. While CFUs were recovered from RP62A\u2010contaminated implants and surrounding tissues after 14 days, the bacterial burden was significantly less than USA300\u2010infected tibiae (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In addition, RP62A failed to produce any of the gross pathologies induced by USA300 (osteolysis, reactive bone formation, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> abscess communities, marrow necrosis, and biofilm). However, fibrous tissue was present at the implant\u2010host interface, and rigorous SEM confirmed the rare presence of cocci on RP62A\u2010contaminated implants. Gene expression studies revealed that <jats:italic>IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, RANKL<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>TLR\u20102<\/jats:italic> mRNA levels in RP62A\u2010infected bone were increased versus Sterile controls. Ex vivo push\u2010out testing showed that RP62A\u2010infected implants required significantly less force compared with the Sterile group (7.5\u2009\u00b1\u20093.4 vs. 17.3\u2009\u00b1\u20094.1\u2009N; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), but required 10\u2010fold greater force than USA300\u2010infected implants (0.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3\u2009N; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Taken together, these findings demonstrate that <jats:italic>S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic> is a commensal pathogen whose mechanisms to inhibit osseous integration are limited to minimal biofilm formation on the implant, and low\u2010grade inflammation. \u00a9 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:852\u2010860, 2020<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]],"date-time":"2019-11-06T06:03:35Z","timestamp":1573020215000},"page":"852-860","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Biofilm Producing <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/i> (RP62A Strain) Inhibits Osseous Integration Without Osteolysis and Histopathology in a Murine Septic Implant Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Takuya","family":"Tomizawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Center for Musculoskeletal 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