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In preclinical models of <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> OIAI, osteomyelitis and septic arthritis, interleukin\u20101\u03b1 (IL\u20101\u03b1), IL\u20101\u03b2, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are induced, but whether they have interactive or distinctive roles in host defense are unclear. Herein, a <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> OIAI model was performed in mice deficient in IL\u20101\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2, or TNF. Mice deficient in IL\u20101\u03b2 or TNF (to a lesser extent) but not IL\u20101\u03b1 had increased bacterial burden at the site of the OIAI throughout the 28\u2010day experiment. IL\u20101\u03b2 and TNF had a combined and critical role in host defense as mice deficient in both IL\u20101R and TNF (IL\u20101R\/TNF\u2010deficient mice) had a 40% mortality rate, which was associated with markedly increased bacterial burden at the site of the OIAI infection. Finally, IL\u20101\u03b1\u2010 and IL\u20101\u03b2\u2010deficient mice had impaired neutrophil recruitment whereas IL\u20101\u03b2\u2010, TNF\u2010, and IL\u20101R\/TNF\u2010deficient mice all had impaired recruitment of both neutrophils and monocytes. Therefore, IL\u20101\u03b2 and TNF contributed to host defense against <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> OIAI and neutrophil recruitment was primarily mediated by IL\u20101\u03b2 and monocyte recruitment was mediated by both IL\u20101\u03b2 and TNF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]],"date-time":"2020-01-24T08:51:34Z","timestamp":1579855894000},"page":"1800-1809","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Interleukin\u20101\u03b2 and tumor necrosis factor are essential in controlling an experimental orthopedic implant\u2010associated infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa 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