{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T05:23:19Z","timestamp":1784697799086,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]],"date-time":"2020-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIAMS K08AR071494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIAMS K08AR071494"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NCATS KL2TR0001856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCATS KL2TR0001856"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Periprosthetic joint infection of total knee arthroplasties represents a major challenge to the field of orthopedic surgery. These infections are commonly associated with antibiotic\u2010tolerant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> biofilms. Engineered cationic amphipathic peptide WLBU2 has shown the ability to kill antibiotic\u2010resistant pathogens and drug\u2010tolerant bacterial biofilms. The novelty of using WLBU2 during the direct irrigation and debridement of periprosthetic joint infections led our group to investigate the optimal washout conditions for treatment of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> biofilms. <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> mature biofilms were grown on metal implant material and treated with WLBU2 dissolved in differing irrigation solvents. Mature biofilms were treated both in vitro as well as in a periprosthetic joint infection murine model. WLBU2 activity against <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> biofilms was increased when dissolved in\u00a0diphosphate\u2010buffered\u00a0saline (dPBS) with pH of 7.0 compared with\u00a0normal saline with pH of 5.5. WLBU2 activity was decreased in acidic dPBS and increased in alkaline dPBS. WLBU2 activity could be decreased in hypertonic dPBS and increased in hypotonic dPBS. WLBU2 dissolved in less acidic dPBS displayed increased efficacy in treating periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) implants ex vivo. WLBU2 demonstrated the ability to eliminate PJI associated <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> biofilms on arthroplasty material. The efficacy of engineered cationic amphipathic peptide WLBU2 for intraoperative elimination of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> biofilms can be further optimized when kept in a less acidic and more physiologic pH adjusted saline. Understanding optimal physical washout conditions are vital for the success of WLBU2 in treating <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> biofilms in PJI clinical trials going forward.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24765","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T18:09:50Z","timestamp":1591121390000},"page":"2657-2663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Direct antimicrobial activity of cationic amphipathic peptide WLBU2 against <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> biofilms is enhanced in physiologic buffered saline"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5804-9822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan B.","family":"Mandell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis and Arthroplasty Design Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5692-7970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"A. 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