{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T17:47:13Z","timestamp":1788284833497,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lumbar developmental spinal stenosis (DSS) refers to multilevel pre\u2010existing narrowed spinal canals, which predispose\u00a0to neural compromise. The objective of this study is to identify any inheritance pattern of DSS by utilizing pedigree charts. This was a case series of 13 families with a total of 80 subjects having magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from L1 to S1. Cases (subjects with DSS) or controls (subjects without DSS) were identified by measuring their anteroposterior (AP) vertebral canal diameters. Multilevel model analyses were also performed to evaluate whether there is substantial clustering of observations within the families, and the effect of multilevel DSS. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Akaike information criteria (AIC) were compared between models. Correlations between subject demographics and AP vertebral canal diameter were statistically insignificant at all levels. Only vertebral canal cross\u2010sectional area, and axial and sagittal vertebral canal diameter were found to be statistically different between cases and controls at all levels (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Both males and females were affected by DSS and there was no skipping of generation, which highly suggested DSS followed an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. After accounting for multilevel DSS, there was a drop of more than 10 in AIC and some variances were also explained within families. This is the first study that suggests multilevel lumbar DSS to have an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Within families with a background of DSS, subjects had a smaller canal size, contributed by shortened axial and sagittal AP vertebral canal diameter, and smaller canal cross\u2010sectional area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T23:02:20Z","timestamp":1600297340000},"page":"1763-1776","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Pedigree analysis of lumbar developmental spinal stenosis: Determination of potential inheritance patterns"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Marcus K.\u00a0L.","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology The University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prudence W.\u00a0H.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology The University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You\u2010Qiang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9188-2931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dino","family":"Samartzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery RUSH University Medical Center  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"International Spine Research and Innovation Initiative RUSH University Medical Center  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7052-0875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason P.\u00a0Y.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology The University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.36B2.230"},{"issue":"2173","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"2187","article-title":"A systematic review of developmental lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"29","author":"Lai MKL","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"303","article-title":"MRI criteria of developmental lumbar spinal stenosis revisited","volume":"69","author":"Chatha DS","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bull NYU Hosp Jt Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000335"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190141"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.62B1.7351440"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198303000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23746"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013-016-0088-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00266685"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","article-title":"Clinical implications of lumbar developmental spinal stenosis on back pain, radicular leg pain and disability","author":"Lai MKL","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.101B2.BJJ-2018-1136.R2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31820e6282"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.008334"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-197812000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.37B4.576"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-197612000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24221"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.33462"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181d534f3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.01568"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.08.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10897-008-9169-9"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","first-page":"745","article-title":"Recommendations for standardized human pedigree nomenclature. 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