{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T04:27:21Z","timestamp":1774412841857,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637539200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":355,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]],"date-time":"2020-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AR074992"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AR074992"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AR071444"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AR071444"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Posttraumatic joint contracture (PTJC) is a debilitating condition characterized by loss of joint motion following injury. Previous work in a rat model of elbow PTJC investigated disease etiology, progression, and recovery in only male animals; this study explored sex\u2010based differences. Rat elbows were subjected to a unilateral anterior capsulotomy and lateral collateral ligament transection followed by 42 days of immobilization and 42 days of free mobilization. Grip strength and gait were collected throughout the free mobilization period while joint mechanical testing, microcomputed tomography and histological analysis were performed postmortem. Overall, few differences were seen between sexes in functional, mechanical, and morphological outcomes with PTJC being similarly debilitating in male and female animals. Functional measures of grip strength and gait showed that, while some baseline differences existed between sexes, traumatic injury produced similar deficits that remained significantly different long\u2010term when compared to control animals. Similarly, male and female animals both had significant reductions in joint range of motion due to injury. Ectopic calcification (EC), which had not been previously evaluated in this injury model, was present in all limbs on the lateral side. Injury caused increased EC volume but did not alter mineral density regardless of sex. Furthermore, histological analysis of the anterior capsule showed minor differences between sexes for inflammation and thickness but not for other histological parameters. A quantitative understanding of sex\u2010based differences associated with this injury model will help inform future therapeutics aimed at reducing or preventing elbow PTJC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,22]],"date-time":"2020-11-22T11:14:36Z","timestamp":1606043676000},"page":"2062-2072","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Females and males exhibit similar functional, mechanical, and morphological outcomes in a rat model of posttraumatic elbow contracture"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8486-8696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex J.","family":"Reiter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering &amp; Materials Science Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hayden R.","family":"Schott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan M.","family":"Castile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering &amp; Materials Science Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul C.","family":"Cannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bayer Crop Science  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Necat","family":"Havlioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology John Cochran VA Medical Center  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaron M.","family":"Chamberlain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Spencer P.","family":"Lake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering &amp; Materials Science Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.00860"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.87B9.16276"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2007.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-013-0447-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22981"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.09.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4036472"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000000388"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4043433"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26344"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.18.00246"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Increased volume and collagen crosslinks drive soft tissue contribution to post\u2010traumatic elbow contracture in an animal model","author":"Dunham CL","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2006.06.018"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sex\u2010based differences in patient\u2010reported outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair","volume":"7","author":"Daniels SD","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orthop J\u00a0Sport\u00a0Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sex differences in outcome after an acute Achilles tendon rupture","volume":"3","author":"Silbernagel KG","year":"2015","journal-title":"Orthop J\u00a0Sport\u00a0Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00620.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465000280060301"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515582024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00614.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0630215"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28134-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-014-0456-x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","first-page":"346","article-title":"Heterotopic ossification","volume":"43","author":"Shehab D","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/raon-2019-0039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198466060-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3944\/AOTT.2010.2400"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11552-009-9181-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/jammr\/2019\/v30i630207"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22944"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(19991015)257:5<174::AID-AR6>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-013-0265-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-2246-9"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jor.24918","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jor.24918","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/am-pdf\/10.1002\/jor.24918","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jor.24918","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T16:11:04Z","timestamp":1693325464000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jor.24918"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jor.24918"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jor.24918","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0736-0266","1554-527X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0736-0266","type":"print"},{"value":"1554-527X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-08-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}