{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T17:27:39Z","timestamp":1782840459409,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,20]],"date-time":"2020-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>An established treatment strategy in surgical site infection after hindfoot and ankle surgery is a two\u2010stage procedure with debridement and placement of a cement spacer, followed by antibiotic treatment and secondary arthrodesis. However, there is little evidence to favor this treatment over a one\u2010stage procedure with debridement, followed by primary arthrodesis with an Ilizarov external fixator and antibiotic treatment. We compared the infection control and\u00a0clinical and radiological outcome of a two\u2010stage and a one\u2010stage procedure. In this study, 7 patients with a two\u2010stage revision and 11 patients with a one\u2010stage revision between 2005 and 2015 were included. The primary outcome was infection control (absence of the Musculoskeletal Infection Society PJI criteria) 2 years after the ankle or hindfoot arthrodesis. Secondary outcome measures were the AOFAS hindfoot score and radiological consolidation rate. Infection control was 85% (6 out of 7 patients) in the two\u2010stage group and 81% (9 out of 11 patients) in the one\u2010stage group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.0). One patient (14%) of the two\u2010stage and two patients (18%) in the one\u2010stage group needed below\u2010knee amputation. In the two\u2010stage group, the mean postoperative AOFAS score was 74.8 (<jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>:\u00a0\u00b111.3) versus 71.7 (<jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>:\u00a0\u00b117.8) in the one\u2010stage group. Radiological consolidation could be achieved in 71% in the spacer group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095) and in 72% in the Ilizarov external fixator group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099). Infection control, AOFAS score, and radiologic consolidation of hindfoot and ankle arthrodesis were comparable in both groups of patients with complicated postsurgical hindfoot or ankle infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,6]],"date-time":"2020-12-06T16:24:31Z","timestamp":1607271871000},"page":"2151-2158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Treatment of hindfoot and ankle infections with Ilizarov external fixator or spacer, followed by secondary arthrodesis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1195-3208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Balgrist University Hospital  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4653-1600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Grubhofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Balgrist University Hospital  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix W. 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