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We added mannitol, previously shown to increase antibiotic susceptibility of biofilm, to an injectable chitosan\/polyethylene glycol paste for delivery of antibiotics. Ground sponges (0.85% acetic acid solution, 1% chitosan, 0% or 2% mannitol, 1% polyethylene glycol) were hydrated using phosphate\u2010buffered saline with 10\u2009mg\/ml amikacin and 10\u2009mg\/ml vancomycin added to form pastes. We inoculated rabbit radial defects with 10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup> colony\u2010forming units of <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (UAMS\u20101) and inserted titanium pins into the cortical bone. Groups compared included mannitol blend pastes, non\u2010mannitol blends, antibiotic\u2010loaded bone cement, vancomycin powder, and no treatment controls. We harvested tissue samples and retrieved the pins retrieved at 3 weeks. All antibiotic\u2010loaded groups lowered bacterial growth and colony\u2010forming unit counts in soft and bone tissue and on titanium pins in in vivo studies. The results indicate this biomaterial is capable of eluting active antibiotics at concentrations that reduce bacterial growth on biomaterials and tissue, which, in turn, may prevent biofilm formation. Blends of chitosan and mannitol may be useful in prevention and treatment of osteomyelitis and implant\u2010associated infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T13:34:55Z","timestamp":1611149695000},"page":"2455-2464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Staphylococcal infection prevention using antibiotic\u2010loaded mannitol\u2013chitosan paste in a\u00a0rabbit model of implant\u2010associated osteomyelitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5276-450X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoe L.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Memphis  Memphis Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leslie 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