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One factor yet to be considered is the effect of footwear on biomechanical outcomes. Comparisons of AOA biomechanics to a normative population are also sparse. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine how footwear uniquely affected gait in persons with ankle fusion and replacement\u00a0and (2) provide context for AOA biomechanics via comparisons to a healthy adult sample. Thirty\u2010four persons with AOA performed overground walking trials barefoot and shod before surgical intervention and then received either an ankle fusion (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200914) or replacement (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920). Two and\/or three years post\u2010surgery, patients returned for gait analysis. Nineteen controls performed the same gait procedures during a single study visit. Spatiotemporal variables and peak angles, internal moments, powers, and forces were calculated to quantify gait behavior. Overall, the two surgical groups performed similarly to each other but demonstrated marked differences from controls both pre\u2010 and post\u2010surgery. No significant differences were detected when examining the effect of footwear. The motion of the midfoot with respect to the hindfoot and forefoot may be instrumental in gait biomechanics following an ankle fusion or replacement\u00a0and should be considered in future investigations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T05:26:28Z","timestamp":1610947588000},"page":"2506-2518","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ankle fusion and replacement gait similar post\u2010surgery, but still exhibit differences versus controls regardless of footwear"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Amanda E.","family":"Stone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RR&amp;D Center for Limb Loss and MoBility, VA Puget Sound Health Care System  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane B.","family":"Shofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RR&amp;D Center for Limb Loss and MoBility, VA Puget Sound Health Care System  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina J.","family":"Stender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RR&amp;D Center for Limb Loss and MoBility, VA Puget Sound Health Care System  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric C.","family":"Whittaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RR&amp;D Center for Limb Loss and MoBility, VA Puget Sound Health Care System  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RR&amp;D Center for Limb Loss and MoBility, VA Puget Sound Health Care System  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Bowerman Sports Science Clinic, Department of Human Physiology University of Oregon  Eugene Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce J.","family":"Sangeorzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RR&amp;D Center for Limb Loss and MoBility, VA Puget Sound Health Care System  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William R.","family":"Ledoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RR&amp;D Center for Limb Loss and MoBility, VA Puget Sound Health Care System  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070502600707"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200305000-00026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197961070-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100713490675"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2012.0282"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2018.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198769070-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200102000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.85B7.13984"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.72B1.2298774"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198062050-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.01597"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.01611"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.16.01471"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470549148"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","volume-title":"Whittle's Gait Analysis","author":"Levine D","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","volume-title":"The Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Gait","author":"Winter D.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","unstructured":"LenthR BuerknerP HerveM et al.2019. emmeans: Estimated Marginal Means aka Least\u2010Squares Means version 1.4.1. 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