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The ability to treat infection while promoting fracture healing will greatly reduce the cost, number of procedures, and patient morbidity associated with infected fractures. In order to develop new therapies, scientists and engineers must understand the clinical need, current standards of care, pathologic effects of infection on fractures, available preclinical models, and novel technologies. One of the main causes of poor fracture healing is infection; unfortunately, bone regeneration and infection research are typically approached independently and viewed as two separate disciplines. Here, we aim to bring these two groups together in an educational workshop to promote research into the basic and translational science that will address the clinical challenge of delayed fracture healing due to infection. Statement of clinical significance: Infection and nonunion are each feared outcomes in fracture care, and infection is a significant driver of nonunion. The impact of nonunions on patie[Q2]nt well\u2010being is substantial. Outcome data suggests a long bone nonunion is as impactful on health\u2010related quality of life measures as a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and fracture\u2010related infection has been shown to significantly l[Q3]ower a patient's quality of life for over 4 years.\u00a0 Although they frequently are associated with one another, the treatment approaches for infections and nonunions are not always complimentary and cannot be performed simultaneously without accepting tradeoffs. Furthermore, different clinical specialties are often required to address the problem, the orthopedic surgeon treating the fracture and an infectious disease specialist addressing the sources of infection. A sequential approach that optimizes treatment parameters requires more time, more surgeries, and thus confers increased morbidity to the patient. The ability to solve fracture healing and infection clearance simultaneously in a contaminated defect would benefit both the patient and the health care system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T06:00:09Z","timestamp":1643090409000},"page":"541-552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["The intersection of fracture healing and infection: Orthopaedics research society workshop 2021"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Justin E.","family":"Hellwinkel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary M","family":"Working","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Oregon Health &amp; Sciences University  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Certain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"},{"name":"George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s J.","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph C.","family":"Wenke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation University of Texas Medical Branch  Galveston Texas USA"},{"name":"7Shriners Children's Texas  Galveston TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9808-8888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chelsea S.","family":"Bahney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine The Steadman Clinic &amp; Steadman Philippon Research Institute  Vail 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