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As an anti\u2010inflammatory factor, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor\u2010\u03b3 (PPAR\u2010\u03b3) is not only implicated in a variety of inflammatory responses\u00a0but also regulates osteoblast differentiation and bone mass. However, the role of PPAR\u2010\u03b3 in osteomyelitis is not fully understood. In the present study, we demonstrated that PPAR\u2010\u03b3 showed a lower expression level in infected bone tissue of osteomyelitis patients as compared with uninfected bone tissue from nonosteomyelitis patients with fracture of the hip. We applied lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) in MC3T3\u2010E1 osteoblast precursor cell line as an in vitro model for osteomyelitis. LPS treatment increased osteomyelitis\u2010associated inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin\u20106\u00a0(IL\u20106) and tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1), whereas PPAR\u2010\u03b3 levels and cell viability in MC3T3\u2010E1 cells were suppressed. PPAR\u2010\u03b3 antagonist GW9662 further enhanced IL\u20106 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels, and decreased cell viability in the presence of LPS treatment. In contrast, PPAR\u2010\u03b3 agonist pioglitazone antagonized the effect of LPS treatment in MC3T3\u2010E1 cells. These findings suggest that PPAR\u2010\u03b3 downregulation is associated with the inflammation and progression of osteomyelitis, and PPAR\u2010\u03b3 agonist could serve as a therapeutic strategy to attenuate inflammatory responses. This study provides novel insights into the physiopathogenesis of osteomyelitis\u00a0and future study is required to validate the findings in animal model and uncover the molecular mechanism of PPAR\u2010\u03b3\u2010dependent anti\u2010inflammation in osteoblasts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T10:05:00Z","timestamp":1643018700000},"page":"2471-2479","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["PPAR\u2010\u03b3 agonist pioglitazone alleviates inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharides\u00a0in osteoblast cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Hua\u2010jun","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province  Hangzhou 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