{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:12:45Z","timestamp":1787065965293,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01AR072669\u201003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01AR072669\u201003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AR075055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AR075055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Stiff joints formed after trauma, surgery or immobilization are frustrating for surgeons, therapists and patients alike. Unfortunately, the study of contracture is limited by available animal model systems, which focus on the utilization of larger mammals and joint trauma. Here we describe a novel mouse\u2010based model system for the generation of joint contracture using 3D\u2010printed clamshell casts. With this model system we are able to generate both reversible and irreversible contractures of the knee and ankle. Four\u2010 or 8\u2010month\u2010old female mice were casted for either 2 or 3 weeks before liberation. All groups formed measurable contractures of the knee and ankle. Younger mice immobilized for less time formed reversible contractures of the knee and ankle. We were able to generate irreversible contracture with either longer immobilization time or the utilization of older mice. The contracture formation translated into differences in gait, which were detectable using the DigiGait\u00ae analysis system. This novel model system provides a higher throughput, lower cost and more powerful tool in studying the molecular and cellular mechanisms considering the large existing pool of transgenic\/knockout murine strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T07:10:57Z","timestamp":1646896257000},"page":"2865-2872","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A novel mouse model of hindlimb joint contracture with 3D\u2010printed casts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9691-1148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura K.","family":"Moore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of California San Francisco San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5973-4912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlin S.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery San Francisco VA Medical Center San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2439-2638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Obiajulu","family":"Agha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of California San Francisco San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of California San Francisco San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery San Francisco VA Medical Center San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of California San Francisco San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery San Francisco VA Medical Center San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Exercise Physiology Beijing Sport University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan B. 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