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DDH involves deficient femoral head coverage and a shortened abductor moment arm, so this study hypothesized that the cross\u2010sectional area (CSA) of the gluteus medius\/minimus muscle complex and the stabilizing iliocapsularis muscle would be larger in DDH versus FAI, without increased fatty infiltration. A longitudinal cohort identified prearthritic patients with DDH or FAI who underwent imaging before surgery. Patients with DDH and FAI (Cam, Pincer, or Mixed) were 1:1 matched based on age, sex, and body mass index. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the gluteus medius\/minimus complex and iliocapsularis in two transverse planes. Amira software was used to quantify muscle and noncontractile tissue. Paired samples <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests were performed to compare muscle size and composition (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). There were no differences in the iliocapsularis muscle. Patients with DDH had significantly larger CSA of the gluteus medius\/minimus complex at both transverse planes, and the noncontractile tissue proportion did not differ. The mean difference in overall muscle CSA at the anterior inferior iliac spine was 4.07\u2009\u00b1\u20097.4\u2009cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005), with an average difference of 12.1%, and at the femoral head this was 2.40\u2009\u00b1\u20094.37\u2009cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004), with an average difference of 20.2%. This study reports a larger CSA of the gluteus medius\/minimus muscle complex in DDH compared to FAI, without a difference in noncontractile tissue, indicating increased healthy muscle in DDH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T05:25:09Z","timestamp":1660195509000},"page":"852-861","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Greater hip abductor size in prearthritic patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip versus\u00a0femoroacetabular impingement"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3283-8089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma R.","family":"Payne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri 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