{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:45:51Z","timestamp":1790419551939,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013733","name":"Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013733","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT\u2010A) on vastus lateralis:vastus medialis (VL:VM) muscle balance, patellar tracking, and pain in patients with chronic patellofemoral (PF) pain. We recruited 13 participants (9 females, 4 males) with recalcitrant PF pain who underwent ultrasound\u2010guided BoNT\u2010A injections into the distal third of the VL muscle, followed by a 6\u2010week home exercise program to strengthen their VM muscle. We imaged the participants in a C\u2010arm computed tomography (CT) scanner before and after the intervention. We calculated VL:VM ratios from CT images from a supine, nonweight\u2010bearing condition. We obtained patellar tilt and bisect offset values from CT images from an upright, weight\u2010bearing condition. We recorded functional pain scores before, immediately after, and 2\u20134 years after the intervention. We classified the participants into normal tracking and maltracking groups based on their patellar tilt and bisect offset values. BoNT\u2010A with home exercise reduced VL:VM ratio (18%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), patellar tilt (19%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.020), and bisect offset (5%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.025). Four participants classified as maltrackers before the intervention transitioned to normal tracking after the intervention. Functional pain scores improved immediately after the intervention (13%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and remained improved at 2\u2010year follow\u2010up (12%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.011). Statement of Clinical Significance: This study provides new evidence in support of BoNT\u2010A for treatment of PF pain. Classification of patients under weight\u2010bearing conditions may identify individuals who will most benefit from a BoNT\u2010A treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T02:48:31Z","timestamp":1661741311000},"page":"962-972","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Botulinum neurotoxin type A improves vasti muscle balance, patellar tracking, and pain in patients with chronic patellofemoral pain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6908-5896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saikat","family":"Pal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9273-034X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jang\u2010Hwan","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott L.","family":"Delp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Stanford University Stanford California USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Stanford University Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Fredericson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Stanford University Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.36.2.95"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-9514(14)60654-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.18.1.18"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658601400307"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-150-04-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"393","article-title":"Patellofemoral pain syndrome in athletes: a 5.7\u2010year retrospective follow\u2010up study of 250 athletes","volume":"64","author":"Blond L","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keg093"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199903000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199801000-00021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510384233"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198310000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199401000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000099107.03704.AE"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196850080-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.9.2.160"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503262167"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198466050-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1986.8.6.301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300032501"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(02)00027-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200211000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","first-page":"208","article-title":"Treatment of overuse patellofemoral pain. 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