{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T11:38:45Z","timestamp":1780573125957,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]],"date-time":"2023-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>While many factors contribute to development and subsequent correction of developmental hip dysplasia (DDH) in infants, hip positioning and muscle activity play a significant role. Lower\u2010limb restrictive extension positions, such as with swaddling, are detrimental for hip development, and some baby gear leads to reduced lower limb muscle activity. Yet how baby gear impacts hip position during wear remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare the Graf's alpha angle and femoral head coverage of healthy infants and infants with mild DDH (instability) in the Pavlik harness and baby carriers. We obtained coronal hip ultrasound images of 10 healthy full\u2010term infants (13.5\u2009\u00b1\u20093.4 weeks, 5F\/5M) and three full\u2010term mild DDH infants (8.9\u2009\u00b1\u20094.0 weeks, 2F\/1M) in three conditions: Pavlik harness, wide\u2010base baby carrier, and narrow\u2010base baby carrier. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare Graf's alpha angles and femoral head coverages across the conditions (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), with post hoc pairwise tests (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0167). The Graf's alpha angle in the narrow\u2010base carrier was 6.9\u00b0 lower than the Pavlik harness, while the wide\u2010base carrier was not different. Femoral head coverage was 10%\u201312% lower for the narrow\u2010base carrier. The three mild DDH infants exhibited lower Graf's alpha angles and femoral head coverage in all measurements, with the Graf's alpha angle in the narrow\u2010base carrier measuring 49.0\u00b0. This research demonstrated that wide\u2010base baby carriers held hips in a position that was not significantly different from the Pavlik harness, meaning that babywearing in a wide\u2010base carrier may have benefits for healthy hip development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T02:49:18Z","timestamp":1682045358000},"page":"2495-2500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ultrasonographic evaluation of infant hips in the Pavlik harness compared to body\u2010worn commercial baby carriers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1320-3950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Safeer","family":"Siddicky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Health Education The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas USA"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Boise State University Boise Idaho USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Eckels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brien","family":"Rabenhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4441-5411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin","family":"Mannen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas USA"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Boise State University Boise Idaho USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000574"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17453670710015201"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15557\/JoU.2021.0024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14366\/usg.16051"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-017-3802-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0309364617740236"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/1863-2548.12.180055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5402\/2011\/238607","article-title":"The epidemiology and demographics of hip dysplasia","volume":"2011","author":"Loder RT","year":"2011","journal-title":"ISRN Orthop"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22622"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198404000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000234"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02888.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2020.109741"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","volume-title":"A baby wants to be carried: everything you need to know about baby carriers and the benefits of babywearing","author":"Kirkilionis E","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24818"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000446"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","unstructured":"PriceCT2020. Infant Carrier Design Considerations Criteria for \u201cHip\u2010Healthy\u201d Designation.International Hip Dysplasia Institute Orlando FL. Available fromhttps:\/\/hipdysplasia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Carrier-Design-Considerations.pdf"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"289","article-title":"Evaluation by ultrasound of the hips of babies carried in baby carriers","volume":"63","author":"Fontecha CG","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/2633-1462.311.BJO-2022-0081.R1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199511000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5699-1"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jor.25571","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T23:52:17Z","timestamp":1697068337000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jor.25571"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jor.25571"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jor.25571","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0736-0266","1554-527X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0736-0266","type":"print"},{"value":"1554-527X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}