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The purpose of this study was to determine if intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), a noncontrast\u2010enhanced MRI method to simultaneously measure tissue perfusion and diffusion, can detect femoral head ischemia using a piglet model of LCPD. Twelve 6\u2010week\u2010old piglets underwent unilateral hip surgery to induce complete femoral head ischemia. The unoperated, contralateral femoral head served as a perfused control. The bilateral hips of the piglets were imaged in vivo at 3T MRI using IVIM and contrast\u2010enhanced MRI 1 week after surgery. Median apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and IVIM parameters (diffusion coefficient: <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>; perfusion coefficient: <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>; perfusion fraction: <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>; and perfusion flux: <jats:italic>f*D<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>) were compared between regions of interest comprising the epiphyseal bone marrow of the ischemic and control femoral heads. Contrast\u2010enhanced MRI confirmed complete femoral head ischemia in 11\/12 piglets. IVIM perfusion fraction (<jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>) and flux (<jats:italic>f*Df<\/jats:italic>) were significantly decreased in the ischemic versus control femoral heads: on average, <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic> decreased 47\u2009\u00b1\u200927% (\u0394<jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.055\u2009\u00b1\u20090.034; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0003) and <jats:italic>f*Df<\/jats:italic> decreased 50\u2009\u00b1\u200927% (\u0394<jats:italic>f*Df<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.59\u2009\u00b1\u20090.49\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\u2009mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/s; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0026). In contrast, IVIM diffusion coefficient (<jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>) and ADC were significantly increased in the ischemic versus control femoral heads: on average, <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> increased 78\u2009\u00b1\u200921% (\u0394<jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.60\u2009\u00b1\u20090.14\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\u2009mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/s; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and ADC increased 60\u2009\u00b1\u200936% (\u0394ADC\u2009=\u20090.50\u2009\u00b1\u20090.23\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup> mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/s; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). In conclusion, IVIM is sensitive in detecting bone marrow ischemia in a piglet model of LCPD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T14:14:20Z","timestamp":1700144060000},"page":"855-863","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) detects femoral head ischemia in a piglet model of Legg\u2010Calv\u00e9\u2010Perthes disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Erick O.","family":"Buko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Center for Magnetic Resonance Research University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sampada","family":"Bhave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steen","family":"Moeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Magnetic Resonance Research University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer C.","family":"Laine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedics Division Gillette Children's Specialty Healthcare St. Paul Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6615-389X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferenc","family":"T\u00f3th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota 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