{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T21:47:51Z","timestamp":1767649671227,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FT200100098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FT200100098"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Latarjet procedure is an established surgical treatment for recurrent glenohumeral joint instability with glenoid bone loss. Intraoperatively, the conjoint tendon and its attachement on the coracoid bone graft is routed\u00a0through a split in subscapularis where the graft is fixed to and augments the anteroinferior glenoid. The objective of this in vitro study was to quantify the influence of glenohumeral joint position and conjoint tendon force on the lines of action and moment arms of subscapularis muscle sub\u2010regions after Latarjet surgery. Eight fresh\u2010frozen, entire upper extremities were mounted onto a testing apparatus, and a cable\u2010pulley system was used to apply physiological muscle loading to the major shoulder muscles. The lines of action and moment arms of four subregions of subscapularis (superior, mid\u2010superior, mid\u2010inferior, and inferior) were quantified radiographically with the conjoint tendon unloaded and loaded while the shoulder was in (i) 0\u00b0 abduction (ii) 90\u00b0 abduction (iii) 90\u00b0 abduction and full external rotation (ABER), and (iv) the apprehension position, defined as ABER with 30\u00b0 horizontal extension. Conjoint tendon loading after Latarjet surgery significantly increased the inferior inclination of the lines of action of the mid\u2010inferior and inferior subregions of subscapularis in the scapular plane in ABER and apprehension positions (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), as well as decreased the horizontal flexion moment arm of the inferior subscapularis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.040). Increased subscapularis inferior inclination may ultimately increase inferior joint shear potential, while smaller horizontal flexion leverage may reduce joint flexion capacity. The findings have implications for Latarjet surgical planning and postoperative rehabilitation prescription.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]],"date-time":"2023-12-30T15:27:50Z","timestamp":1703950070000},"page":"1159-1169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The moment arms and lines of action of subscapularis after the Latarjet procedure"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5639-6388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron","family":"Fox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Ernstbrunner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville 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