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Using developmentally inspired differentiation protocols, we induced human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) toward articular chondrocytes capable of joint cartilage repair in rodent models, which were distinct from growth plate chondrocytes, fated to be replaced by bone in vivo. Working toward clinical translation, we demonstrated controlled differentiation into chondrocytes by comprehensive gene expression analysis at each step of the differentiation. Articular chondrocytes derived from hPSCs could be expanded several passages in vitro without losing chondrogenic potential. Furthermore, chondrocytes isolated from these articular cartilage tissues had the potential to serially regenerate new articular and growth plate cartilage tissues. Finally, the ability to cryopreserve articular chondrocytes with the desired phenotype is critical for clinical translation and here we report no loss in cell viability or regenerative potential following cryopreservation. These results support the immense potential of hPSC\u2010derived articular chondrocytes as a cell\u2010based therapy for cartilage repair.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T05:44:21Z","timestamp":1709531061000},"page":"1841-1851","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Regenerative capacity of human pluripotent stem cell\u2010derived articular chondrocytes in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Rosanne M.","family":"Raftery","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Research Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine University of Galway Galway 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