{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T06:43:31Z","timestamp":1775976211889,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719273600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AR76339"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AR76339"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Flexor tendon injury is a common hand trauma that requires surgical repair. The objective was to compare the repaired strength and gliding resistance with a varied number of repair strands and of square knots using a two\u2010strand\u2010overhand locking (TSOL) knot. First, isolated suture loops with different number of suture strands and number of closing knots were compared in mechanical strength and failure mode. Then, 90 flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendons from turkey digits were used for the tendon repair experiment. Both phases followed a similar 3\u2009\u00d7\u20093 matrix comparing the knot type including TSOL+1SK (square knot), TSOL+2SK, and TSOL+3 SK and repair techniques including two\u2010, four\u2010, and six\u2010strand repairs techniques respectively. The repaired tendons were tested for tendon resistance against pulley (friction), maximum force, force at 2\u2009mm displacement, stiffness, and failure mode. Increasing the number of strands and closing square knots increases the tensile strength and stiffness of flexor tendon repairs and isolated suture loops without a significant effect on tendon friction. An increase in the number of square knots have shown increased strength only in Pennington repair, which correlated with the increased number of knot unraveling, a weak knot failure model. Our data demonstrated that increasing the number of strands is effective for improving the overall strength of tendon repair. When a two\u2010strand repair is chosen, increasing knot number can improve repair strength. However, the number of knots appears not affecting repair strength in six\u2010strand repair technique.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T12:09:05Z","timestamp":1719317345000},"page":"2382-2389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The effect of the number of strands and knot throws of core suture techniques on the mechanical properties of the repaired flexor tendon"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Liliann R.","family":"Linden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Biomechanics Research Laboratory Mayo Clinic Rochester Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramona","family":"Reisdorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Biomechanics Research Laboratory Mayo Clinic Rochester Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Selim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Biomechanics Research Laboratory Mayo Clinic Rochester Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Berglund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Biomechanics Research Laboratory Mayo Clinic Rochester Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8737-4587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunfeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Biomechanics Research Laboratory Mayo Clinic Rochester Rochester Minnesota 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