{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T17:11:38Z","timestamp":1789665098655,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to evaluate a non\u2010resorbable implant for the focal repair of chondral defects in eight adult horses with 12\u2010month follow\u2010up. The bi\u2010layered construct composed of a polycarbonate\u2010urethane\u2010urea biomaterial which was printed in 3D fashion onto a bone anchor was implanted into surgically created osteochondral defects into the femoropatellar joints of eight horses. The analysis of post\u2010mortem outcomes were compared to defects treated with microfracture in the same animal on the contralateral femoropatellar jointfemoropatellar joint. The overall macroscopic scoring after 12 months yielded higher scores in the OCI\u2010treated stifles compared to MF treatment (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.09) with better quality and filling of the defect. Histology revealed good anchorage of repair tissue growing into the 3D structure of the implant and histopathology scoring for adjacent native cartilage showed no difference between groups. MRI and micro\u2010CT showed overall less sclerotic reactions in the surrounding bone in the implant group and no foreign body reaction was detected. Biomechanical analysis of the repair tissue revealed a significantly higher peak modulus (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in the implant group (0.74\u2009\u00b1\u20090.45) compared to the microfracture control group (0.15\u2009\u00b1\u20090.11). Dynamic loading yielded higher values for the repair tissue overgrowing the implant group (0.23\u2009\u00b1\u20090.17) compared to the microfracture control (0.06\u2009\u00b1\u20090.06) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The bi\u2010layered osteochondral implant provided a safe implant for focal repair of full\u2010thickness osteochondral defects, as no adverse reaction was seen within the joints and the level of degeneration of adjacent cartilage to the repair site was not different compared to that seen in defects treated with microfracture after 12 months.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T14:29:43Z","timestamp":1726669783000},"page":"59-69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A hybrid repair strategy for full\u2010thickness cartilage defects: Long\u2010term experimental study in eight horses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4152-0948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria C.","family":"Fugazzola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical 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The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ward","family":"van Buul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joinstphere Company Eindhoven The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gied","family":"Hermsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joinstphere Company Eindhoven The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"van Weeren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science Utrecht University Utrecht The 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