{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T21:41:13Z","timestamp":1769550073674,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Achilles tendon ruptures significantly impair long\u2010term patient function, with two\u2010thirds of patients experiencing persistent functional deficits. Although nonsurgical treatment has gained popularity due to its perceived lower risk of complications, the specific effects of this approach on tendon healing, muscle function, and overall performance remain poorly understood. Directly comparing surgical and nonsurgical treatment options in a clinical population is challenging given the diverse nature of the patient population. Preclinical models are essential to isolate the mechanisms underlying these treatments, enabling a detailed examination of the structural and functional outcomes that are difficult to assess in human studies. Here, we surgically induced Achilles tendon ruptures in 20 adult male Sprague Dawley rats and repaired the rupture in half of these animals. Then, functional outcomes were assessed by measuring plantar flexor torque across the ankle's range of motion using a custom\u2010developed small animal dynamometer, and structural changes were evaluated through measurements of Achilles tendon elongation and plantar flexor muscle mass. We found that surgical treatment led to 11%\u201335% increased functional plantar flexor torque outcomes compared to nonsurgical treatment. Additionally, plantar flexor muscle mass decreased by 21% in nonsurgically treated animals compared to only 12% in the surgically treated group. Our results suggest that surgically repairing a tendon rupture restores plantar flexor function more effectively than nonsurgical treatment; however, persistent functional deficits in both groups indicate that enhanced rehabilitation strategies are necessary for full functional restoration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.26041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T01:01:16Z","timestamp":1736211676000},"page":"739-745","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Achilles Tendon Surgical Repair Partially Restores Early Plantar Flexor Structure and Function in a Rat Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Hammo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liala","family":"Sofi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorraine A. T.","family":"Boakye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0269-2170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josh R.","family":"Baxter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12253"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k5120"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546517717698"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546517737055"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24260"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508319312"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514540599"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100715615322"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00917"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.01401"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2018.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00255.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00746"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100718822537"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tsm2.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2019.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516651060"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.83B6.0830843"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23253"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2022.111393"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512447926"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.01.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465211019436"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24241"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-016-1635-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2000.1361"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","first-page":"624","article-title":"The Laboratory Rat: Relating Its Age With Human's","volume":"4","author":"Sengupta P.","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jor.26041","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T05:46:33Z","timestamp":1765777593000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jor.26041"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jor.26041"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jor.26041","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0736-0266","1554-527X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0736-0266","type":"print"},{"value":"1554-527X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}