{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T03:23:10Z","timestamp":1791516190848,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,2]],"date-time":"2025-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The objective of this study was to evaluate scaphoid, lunate and capitate kinematics after disruption to the primary and secondary scapholunate ligamentous stabilizers, and to assess the effectiveness of scapholunate ligament reconstruction in restoring carpal kinematics post\u2010operatively. Seven upper extremities were harvested, and the scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) was divided. Specimens were mounted onto a computer\u2010controlled dynamic wrist simulator, and simulations of flexion\u2010extension, radial\u2010ulnar deviation, and dart\u2010thrower's motion were undertaken by simulated force application to the wrist tendons. Three\u2010dimensional kinematics of the scaphoid, lunate and capitate were measured using bi\u2010plane X\u2010ray fluoroscopy in the native and ligament deficient state. The SLIL was then reconstructed by either dorsal transarticular loop tenodesis (DTLT), or by the three\u2010ligament tenodesis (3LT) technique, and re\u2010evaluated. SLIL deficiency resulted in significant differences in carpal kinematics compared to that in the healthy wrist across all wrist motions (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The DTLT procedure corrected increased scaphoid ulnar deviation and pronation in the SLIL deficient wrist, but did not significantly improve scaphoid flexion or volar translation of the scaphoid. The 3LT reconstructive technique restored scaphoid flexion and ulnar deviation but did not correct pronation, the increased lunate extension, nor the volar and ulnar translation observed in the ligament deficient wrist. Three\u2010dimensional scaphoid, lunate and capitate motion depends on SLIL integrity, with tears to this ligament resulting in pathological kinematics, which may be partially mitigated with DTLT and 3LT surgical reconstruction. These findings suggest that this surgical reconstruction of the SLIL may not mitigate long\u2010term degenerative joint conditions at the wrist.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.26049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,2]],"date-time":"2025-02-02T06:09:56Z","timestamp":1738476596000},"page":"756-769","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Carpal Kinematics in the Normal, Scapholunate Ligament Deficient, and Surgically Reconstructed Wrist"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8395-0479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen K.","family":"Tham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery St Vincent's Hospital Fitzroy Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Hand Surgery Dandenong Hospital Dandenong Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Hand and Wrist Biomechanics Laboratory O'Brien Institute Fitzroy Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Crepaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery St Vincent's Hospital Fitzroy Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Hand Surgery Dandenong Hospital Dandenong Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Hand and Wrist Biomechanics Laboratory O'Brien Institute Fitzroy Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene T.","family":"Ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Hand Surgery Dandenong Hospital Dandenong Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Hand and Wrist Biomechanics Laboratory O'Brien Institute Fitzroy Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"McCombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery St Vincent's Hospital Fitzroy Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Hand Surgery Dandenong Hospital Dandenong Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Hand and Wrist Biomechanics Laboratory O'Brien Institute Fitzroy Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0559-7569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David Charles","family":"Ackland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.07.035"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"293","article-title":"Beware the Sprained Wrist. 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