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Intramedullary bone graft harvesting is, however, associated with potential cardiopulmonary adverse events due to embolic phenomena and systemic inflammation. This study compares the newly introduced aspirator\u2009+\u2009reaming\u2010aspiration (ARA) concept with the established second\u2010generation Reamer\u2010Irrigator\u2010Aspirator (RIA 2) system, focusing on cardiopulmonary safety in a non\u2010fracture sheep femur model. Sixteen female Merino sheep underwent intramedullary bone grafting using either the RIA 2 system or the ARA concept. The primary outcomes measured were blood loss, hemodynamic parameters, pulmonary function via the Horovitz index, and systemic inflammatory responses postprocedure. Findings revealed minimal and comparable blood loss between the two groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.55). Additionally, no significant differences were found in hemodynamic stability (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2265\u20090.05), pulmonary function (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.96), or systemic inflammation (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2265\u20090.10) between the RIA 2 system and ARA concept groups, demonstrating the comparable safety profile of the ARA concept to the RIA 2 system. In conclusion, the ARA concept emerges as a viable and effective alternative to the RIA 2 system for intramedullary bone graft harvesting, with similar safety profiles. These promising results advocate for further clinical trials to validate the utility of the ARA concept in human patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.26059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T03:33:17Z","timestamp":1741750397000},"page":"984-993","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessing Cardiopulmonary Safety of Intramedullary Bone Graft Harvesting: A Comparative Study of the RIA 2 System and the ARA Concept"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3451-1445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Laubach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling, and Manufacturing (M3D Innovation) Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Technologies, 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