{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:34:17Z","timestamp":1760056457996,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Hill\u2010Sachs lesion engagement, which is used for clinical decision\u2010making in shoulder instability, is typically based on a static assessment, but would ideally be dynamically evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate differences between subject\u2010specific and generalized glenohumeral motion. For five arm movements (forward elevation, scapula abduction, coronal abduction, external rotation at 90\u00b0 abduction and external rotation at rest) of 20 participants, the average rotation and translation of the scapula and humerus throughout the forward movement were calculated. Metrics (length, distance, angle, and area) of the glenoid projection on the humerus were compared between the subject\u2010specific and generalized (average of all subjects) motion. The impact of virtually generated glenoid bone loss (GBL) on the glenoid projection area was also investigated. Humeral rotation confidence intervals were narrow for abduction movements. The generalized and subject\u2010specific glenoid projection metrics were similar. The average difference in the length of the glenoid movement over the humeral surface between the subject\u2010specific and generalized motion ranged between 1\u20103\u2009mm and the glenoid projection area differed between 1% and 7% for the five motions. The average distance between the subject\u2010specific and generalized motion at the start or end position was less than 1\u2009mm apart. GBL resulted in a subtly reduced glenoid projection area.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statement of Clinical Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>The similarity between the subject\u2010specific and generalized glenohumeral motion for the five movements included in this study suggests that applying a generalized motion to patient\u2010specific three\u2010dimensional bone models may be an interesting direction for evaluating bipolar bone loss.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Level of Evidence<\/jats:bold>: Level II (Control subjects; Development of diagnostic criteria)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.70028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T07:24:27Z","timestamp":1759044267000},"page":"1895-1906","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Differences in the Movement of the Glenoid Over the Humeral Head Between Subject\u2010Specific and Generalized Glenohumeral Motion"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5179-3818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linus","family":"H\u00f6tzel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stryker Sports Medicine Freiburg im Breisgau Baden\u2010W\u00fcrttemberg Germany"},{"name":"Freidrich\u2010Alexander\u2010University Erlangen\u2010Nuremberg Freiburg im Breisgau Baden\u2010W\u00fcrttemberg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Uhlenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Freiburg Freiburg im Breisgau Baden\u2010W\u00fcrttemberg Germany"},{"name":"Hahn Schickard Freiburg im Breisgau Baden\u2010W\u00fcrttemberg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heiko","family":"Gottschling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stryker Trauma and Extremities Munich Bavaria Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stryker Trauma and Extremities Munich Bavaria Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Scheibel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schulthess Clinic Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael H.","family":"Amini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The CORE Institute Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010David","family":"Werthel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital Ambroise Par\u00e9 Boulogne\u2010Billancourt Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Amft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Freiburg Freiburg im Breisgau Baden\u2010W\u00fcrttemberg Germany"},{"name":"Hahn Schickard Freiburg im Breisgau Baden\u2010W\u00fcrttemberg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3981-3845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Floor M.","family":"Lambers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stryker Sports Medicine Selzach Solothurn Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0030-5898(05)70138-3"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"248","article-title":"Functional Anatomy of the Shoulder","volume":"35","author":"Terry G. 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