{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T14:14:11Z","timestamp":1779286451631,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive joint disease characterized primarily by pain, leading to substantial impairment of quality of life. Current treatments primarily alleviate symptoms but have limited efficacy in protecting or repairing articular cartilage. Marine algae have recently gained attention in pharmaceutical research due to their diverse bioactivities.\n                    <jats:italic>Gracilaria fisheri<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a red alga, contains abundant sulfated galactans (SG) that may exert chondroprotective effects. This study investigated the effects of SG on pain\u2010related behaviors and cartilage degeneration in a Wistar rat OA model induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection combined with medial meniscus removal (ACLT + MMx). Pain\u2010related behaviors were monitored weekly using a hind limb weight\u2010bearing distribution test. Four weeks post\u2010surgery, rats received intra\u2010articular injections (50\u2009\u00b5L) of normal saline (NSS), hyaluronic acid (HA), or SG (2.5, 50, or 500\u2009\u00b5g) once weekly for 4 weeks. SG administration did not significantly ameliorate pain\u2010related behaviors. However, histopathological assessment revealed that the SG (500\u2009\u00b5g) significantly attenuated cartilage degeneration compared to OA controls. To further examine direct cellular effects, in vitro experiments using IL\u20101\u03b2\u2013induced human chondrocyte inflammation revealed that SG, in inflamed cells, suppressed matrix\u2010degrading enzymes (MMP\u20101 and MMP\u201013) while enhancing cartilage\u2010protective markers (COL2A1 and TIMP\u20101). Nonetheless, type II collagen expression in vivo remained unchanged. Collectively, these findings indicate that SG from\n                    <jats:italic>Gracilaria fisheri<\/jats:italic>\n                    exerts chondroprotective effects in experimental OA, supporting its potential as a cartilage\u2010preserving candidate for disease\u2010modifying strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.70175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T05:35:34Z","timestamp":1773120934000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Repeated (Weekly) Intra\u2010Articular Injections of Sulfated Galactans Attenuate Cartilage Degeneration in a Rat Model of Osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Nirada","family":"Srianake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amarin","family":"Thongsuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Sciences Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scarlett","family":"Desclaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thitiya","family":"Phuagpan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiraporn","family":"Sriwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alita","family":"Kongchanagul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanwisa","family":"Himakhun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Thammasat University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruedee","family":"Hemstapat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kanokpan","family":"Wongprasert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Sciences Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2195"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/lds038"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/boneres.2017.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2014.02.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.72"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis\u2014A Complex Process That Involves the Entire Joint","volume":"7","author":"Man G. 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