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The purpose of this study was to assess the sensitivities of T2, T1\u03c1, adiabatic T1\u03c1 (aT1\u03c1), and adiabatic T2\u03c1 (aT2\u03c1) relaxation time mapping to detect early\u2010stage ischemic injury to the secondary ossification center (SOC) of the femoral head in vivo in a piglet model of LCPD. We hypothesized that relaxation times would be increased in the SOCs of ischemic versus contralateral\u2010control femoral heads 1 week following onset of ischemia. Bilateral hips of\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200913 piglets with confirmed, surgically\u2010induced complete ischemia of the SOC were imaged 1 week post\u2010operatively using a clinical 3\u2009T MRI scanner. Median T2 (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200913), T1\u03c1 (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200913), aT1\u03c1 (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910), and aT2\u03c1 (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910) relaxation times were measured for the total SOC, as well as its central and peripheral subregions, and were compared between the ischemic versus control femoral heads using paired\n                    <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010tests (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). All four relaxation times were significantly increased in the ischemic versus control femoral heads, with a more pronounced increase in the peripheral versus central subregion of the SOC. T2 and aT2\u03c1 had the greatest percent increases and effect sizes of the four relaxation times. In conclusion, T2, T1\u03c1, aT1\u03c1, and aT2\u03c1 relaxation time mapping techniques are sensitive in detecting ischemic injury to bone marrow of the femoral head in vivo in a piglet model of LCPD at clinical 3\u2009T MRI field strength.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.70236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T07:35:12Z","timestamp":1780558512000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Relaxation Time Mapping of Early\u2010Stage Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: An In Vivo Piglet Model Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9826-7296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Casey P.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Center for Magnetic Resonance Research University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erick O.","family":"Buko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Center for Magnetic Resonance Research University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sampada","family":"Bhave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayla L.","family":"Chase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Albrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8498-2843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra R.","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jutta M.","family":"Ellermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Magnetic Resonance Research University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry K. W.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Hip Scottish Rite for Children Dallas Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6615-389X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferenc","family":"T\u00f3th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v6.i8.590"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-018-3917-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2011.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e318223b423"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200309000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.01834"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-015-9279-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-16-00856"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2008.01.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999.0000000000000245"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-023-06587-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-013-2664-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001945"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.23.01429"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2421050680"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21458"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-009-0667-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3182a05dc1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.01221"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2014.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2015151105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2016152665"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30158-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018180497"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25904"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157341108783339115"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2009.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140400"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20428"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25733"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.30636"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","first-page":"688","article-title":"Histopathologic Changes in Growth\u2010Plate Cartilage Following Ischemic Necrosis of the Capital Femoral Epiphysis. 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