{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:10:35Z","timestamp":1790691035623,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In preclinical research focused on bone fracture repair, a significant gap exists in understanding and incorporating key variables that influence homeostasis and pathophysiological processes. Factors such as immune system responses, sex differences, pain and innervation, and microbiota are often overlooked. Preclinical studies frequently rely on rodent models housed under sterile, specific pathogen\u2010free conditions, resulting in na\u00efve immune responses. Additionally, these studies typically use only one sex, fail to monitor stress behaviors, and do not assess infections or commensal microorganisms. While such controlled approaches enable the study of essential mechanisms, they may hinder the successful translation of findings to immunocompetent and diverse human populations, who do not live in sterile environments and vary widely in biological sex, gender, age, immune history, and living conditions. Here, we summarize the material presented at the Preclinical Models Section and International Section of Fracture Repair Workshop held during the 2026 Orthopaedic Research Society (ORS) Annual Meeting in Charlotte, North Carolina.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.70268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T03:56:52Z","timestamp":1787803012000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Addressing Overlooked Variables in Preclinical Fracture Repair Research for Improved Translation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Christina","family":"Capobianco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Schmidt\u2010Bleek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Wolff Institute \u2013 Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics and Regeneration BIH @ Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3333-2613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie","family":"Haffner\u2010Luntzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics Ulm University Medical Center Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9808-8888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chelsea","family":"Bahney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of California San Francisco San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6839-1173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph L.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Solutions Arizona State University Phoenix Arizona USA"},{"name":"Biodesign Institute Center for Health Through Microbiomes Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7375-4522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6539-9476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annemarie","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(21)00172-0"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"940","article-title":"Enhancement of Fracture\u2010Healing","volume":"77","author":"Einhorn T. 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