{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T16:25:49Z","timestamp":1792772749738,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 AR081050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 AR081050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R44 AI155309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R44 AI155309"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AR086857"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AR086857"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AR069655"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AR069655"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50 AR072000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 AR072000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The \u201cRace for the Surface\u201d hypothesis remains the dogma for explaining the competition between host proteins, cells, and bacteria for implant colonization immediately post\u2010op. Recently, we used intravital microscopy to provide direct evidence supporting this hypothesis by demonstrating that the race for the surface in a murine implant\u2010associated infection (IAI) model is complete within 3\u2009h. However, this intravital imaging is impractical for early\u2010stage drug development research, thus warranting a cost\u2010effective screening platform to mechanistically assess neutrophil\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    interaction dynamics during the early infection period. To address this, we developed an in vitro IAI model using longitudinal confocal fluorescence microscopy (LCFM) of etched titanium implants contaminated with GFP\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    USA300 and cultured with tdTomato\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    neutrophils. This model enabled reproducible quantification of neutrophil swarming, phagocytosis, and nidus formation, which were validated with scanning electron microscopy, colony\u2010forming unit assays, and imaging cytometry. To demonstrate the utility of these novel platforms, we evaluated an anti\u2010glucosaminidase (Gmd) mAb known to mediate opsonophagocytosis of aggregated\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and assessed its ability to increase total neutrophil volume and\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    internalization by neutrophils and cytoplasts. Collectively, these results demonstrate the utility of the LCFM and imaging cytometry platforms for defining mAb functions that enhance neutrophil and cytoplast activity to prevent IAI.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.70306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T07:34:36Z","timestamp":1792308876000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In Vitro Longitudinal Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy and Imaging Cytometry to Quantify Neutrophil Swarming, Opsonophagocytosis, and Vital NETosis During Implant\u2010Associated Infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6638-9029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sashank","family":"Lekkala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA"},{"name":"Center for Musculoskeletal Research University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0184-0610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youliang","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Musculoskeletal Research University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neha","family":"Soundar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Musculoskeletal Research University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4590-6664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Musculoskeletal Research University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allie Jia Hui","family":"Tay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Musculoskeletal Research University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen L. de Mesy","family":"Bentley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Musculoskeletal Research University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Javad","family":"Aman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AbVacc Inc. Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Proctor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medical Microbiology\/Immunology and Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7521-6154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gowrishankar","family":"Muthukrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Musculoskeletal Research University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4854-9698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward M.","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA"},{"name":"Center for Musculoskeletal Research University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6197-2506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA"},{"name":"Center for Musculoskeletal Research University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00686-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.841"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24955"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3629258"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.70130"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.70169"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.70179"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22203\/eCM.v039a05"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00396-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25716"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3322"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0296140"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-011-0295-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02125-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S0006297920100065"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2847"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2024.111631"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10030356"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2015.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2018.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00655-24"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"187","article-title":"Anti\u2010Glucosaminidase Monoclonal Antibodies as a Passive Immunization for Methicillin\u2010Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Orthopaedic Infections","volume":"8","author":"Varrone J. J.","year":"2011","journal-title":"BoneKEy Osteovision"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22672"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23801"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","first-page":"1842","article-title":"Lack of Humoral Immunity Against Glucosaminidase is Associated With Postoperative Complications in Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis","volume":"102","author":"Kates S. L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery American"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.876898"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2025.127333"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2019.102039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6750-4-33"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142735.im0320s110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22203\/eCM.v030a16"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/met10091272"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdsr.2021.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12175"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abe7729"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1458035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12458"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1242255"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adf8748"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-026-02920-0"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jor.70306","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jor.70306","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jor.70306","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T13:38:32Z","timestamp":1792762712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jor.70306"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jor.70306"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jor.70306","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0736-0266","1554-527X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0736-0266","type":"print"},{"value":"1554-527X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-08-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70306"}}