{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T10:43:25Z","timestamp":1784025805796,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,2]],"date-time":"2018-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FDN #143233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDN #143233"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Parenter Enteral Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>: Pasteurized donor milk is the recommended supplement for preterm infants when mother's milk volumes are insufficient. Compared with mother's milk, the macronutrient content of donor milk is thought to be lower due to pasteurization and additional container changes during processing. Given that poor growth is concerning for preterm infants, it is important to understand how processing and feeding methods influence the nutrition composition of donor milk feeds. The research aim of this study was to determine the effects of pasteurization and feeding method on the macronutrient and energy composition of donor milk. Ten donor milk pools were pasteurized, prepared according to neonatal practices, and infused through nasogastric tubes to simulate 4 feeding methods: bolus, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and continuous feeding over 4 hours. Macronutrient concentrations were assessed after pasteurization, preparation, and each feeding method using a mid\u2010infrared human milk analyzer. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>: There were no significant decreases in macronutrient content after pasteurization or bolus feeding. However, energy and fat losses increased with slower infusion rates. After continuous feeding for 4 hours, energy and fat concentrations decreased by a mean of 17.3 (15.8\u201318.8) kcal\/dL and 2.08 (1.90\u20132.25) g\/dL (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .0001), respectively. <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>: Pasteurization did not significantly reduce donor milk macronutrient and energy content; however, feeding method significantly impacted the final delivery of energy and fat.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]],"date-time":"2018-08-06T23:38:48Z","timestamp":1533598728000},"page":"162-165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Energy and Fat Intake for Preterm Infants Fed Donor Milk Is Significantly Impacted by Enteral Feeding Method"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Marina","family":"Castro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Mount Sinai Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Asbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Translation Medicine SickKids Research Institute  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Shama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Translation Medicine SickKids Research Institute  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debbie","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rogers Hixon Ontario Human Milk Bank Mount Sinai Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene W.","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal\u2010Infant Care Research Centre Mount Sinai Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah L.","family":"O'Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Mount Sinai Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Translation Medicine SickKids Research Institute  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Rogers Hixon Ontario Human Milk Bank Mount Sinai Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Unger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Mount Sinai Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Translation Medicine SickKids Research Institute  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Rogers Hixon Ontario Human Milk Bank Mount Sinai Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-12-87"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Donor human milk for the high\u2010risk infant: preparation, safety, and usage options in the United States","volume":"139","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/15.9.595"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"CD002971","article-title":"Formula versus donor breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants","author":"Quigley M","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst 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