{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T08:49:24Z","timestamp":1776934164680,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]],"date-time":"2019-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Parenter Enteral Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Trace\u2010element contamination of contemporary parenteral nutrition (PN) components exists in unknown quantities and, in combination with excessive amounts of certain trace elements provided in commercially available adult, pediatric, and neonatal multitrace\u2010element (MTE) products, could result in eventual accumulation and toxicity. This study aims to quantify trace\u2010element contamination in components used for PN compounding to further inform recommendations for MTE product reformulation and individualized trace\u2010element prescribing in PN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 32 unique components (65 products) available for PN compounding were tested for manganese, chromium, selenium, zinc, and copper contamination, utilizing inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Theoretical adult, pediatric, and neonatal PNs were formulated to assess the impact of macronutrient and micronutrient component doses on PN trace\u2010element contamination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Trace\u2010element contamination was detected in 24 (75%) components tested. Chromium and manganese were common, present in 65.6% and 51.5% of all components, respectively. Eight components did not contain detectable trace\u2010element contamination, most notably sterile water, concentrated dextrose, and lipid emulsion. Manganese contamination in theoretical adult, pediatric, and neonatal PN was 25.18, 9.92, and 1.37 \u00b5g, respectively. Chromium contamination was 4.85, 1.5, and 0.28 \u00b5g, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Trace\u2010element contamination was prevalent in components used to compound PN. Our findings support reformulation of adult, pediatric, and neonatal manufactured MTE products to eliminate chromium, decrease manganese, and supply full daily physiologic requirements of selenium, zinc, and copper. Future study is needed to assess the additional contamination that could occur through the compounding and storage processes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,14]],"date-time":"2019-06-14T02:45:04Z","timestamp":1560480304000},"page":"970-976","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Quantitative Assessment of Trace\u2010Element Contamination in Parenteral Nutrition Components"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Logan M.","family":"Olson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Nebraska Medicine  Omaha Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick M.","family":"Wieruszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Multidisciplinary Epidemiology and Translational Research in Intensive Care (METRIC) Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Jannetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Metals Laboratory Division of Clinical Biochemistry Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jillian C.","family":"Abbott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metals Laboratory Division of Clinical Biochemistry Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Molly","family":"McMahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin M.","family":"Nystrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"440","article-title":"Total parenteral nutrition usage trends in the United States","volume":"27","author":"John J","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533612446706"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607199023004222"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1976.03630070030009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/106002807601000201"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/106002807701100803"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/31.2.264"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)91934-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607184008003254"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607190014006610"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014860718000400108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(01)00546-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607112454543"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)90078-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcg.0000155135.35315.05"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","unstructured":"Novolin R (Regular Human Insulin [rDNA origin] USP) solution for subcutaneous or intravenous use [package insert]. Plainsboro NJ: Novo Nordisk Inc;2012."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533617702837","article-title":"Manganese provision in parenteral nutrition: an update","volume":"33","author":"Livingstone C","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"172","article-title":"Manganese in enteral and parenteral nutrition","volume":"60","author":"Leach RMJ","year":"1984","journal-title":"Bull N Y Acad Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01318699"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1979.03290310036012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/30.4.531"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/37.5.709"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","unstructured":"ChoeK GajekR.Contamination potentials of trace elements in serum archived by the California Biobank Program. Poster presented at: Mass Spectrometry: Applications to the Clinical Lab Conference US; January 22\u201326 2017; Palm Springs CA."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","unstructured":"Multitrace\u20105 Concentrate (Trace Elements Injection 5 USP) [package insert]. Shirley NY: American Regent Inc;2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","unstructured":"Multitrace\u20105 (Trace Elements Injection 5 USP) [package insert]. Shirley NY: American Regent Inc;2009."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","unstructured":"Multitrace\u20104 Concentrate (Trace Elements Injection 4 USP) [package insert]. Shirley NY: American Regent Inc;2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/75.1.112"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.5.1324"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","unstructured":"Multitrace\u20104 Pediatric (Trace Elements Injection 4 USP) [package insert]. Shirley NY: American Regent Inc;2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","unstructured":"Trace Elements Injection 4 USP Pediatric [package insert]. Shirley NY: American Regent Inc;2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","unstructured":"Multitrace\u20104 Neonatal (Trace Elements Injection 4 USP) [package insert]. Shirley NY: American Regent Inc;2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607199023004228"}],"container-title":["Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjpen.1668","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jpen.1668","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jpen.1668","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jpen.1668","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T14:12:11Z","timestamp":1760883131000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jpen.1668"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jpen.1668"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jpen.1668","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-6071","1941-2444"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-6071","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-2444","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-01-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-05-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-06-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}