{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T10:43:27Z","timestamp":1776336207886,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Parenter Enteral Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>\u03c9\u20103 Fatty acid (FA)\u2013containing parenteral nutrition (PN) is associated with improvements in patient outcomes and with reductions in hospital length of stay (HLOS) vs standard PN regimens (containing non\u2013\u03c9\u20103 FA lipid emulsions). We present a cost\u2010effectiveness analysis of \u03c9\u20103 FA\u2013containing PN vs standard PN in 5 European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK) and the US.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This pharmacoeconomic model was based on estimates of \u03c9\u20103 efficacy reported in a recent meta\u2010analysis and data from country\u2010specific sources. It utilized a probabilistic discrete event simulation model to compare \u03c9\u20103 FA\u2013containing PN with standard PN in a population of critically ill and general ward patients. The influence of model parameters was evaluated using probabilistic and deterministic sensitivity analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall costs were reduced with \u03c9\u20103 FA\u2013containing PN in all 6 countries compared with standard PN, ranging from \u20ac1741\u00a0(\u00b1\u20ac1284) in Italy to \u20ac5576\u00a0(\u00b1\u20ac4193) in the US. Expenses for infections and HLOS were lower in all countries for \u03c9\u20103 FA\u2013containing PN vs standard PN, with the largest cost differences for both in the US (infection: \u20ac825\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0\u20ac4001; HLOS: \u20ac4879\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0\u20ac1208) and the smallest savings in the UK for infections and in Spain for HLOS (\u20ac63\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0\u20ac426 and \u20ac1636\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0\u20ac372, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cost\u2010effectiveness analysis in 6 countries demonstrates that the superior clinical efficacy of \u03c9\u20103 FA\u2013containing PN translates into significant decreases in mean treatment cost, rendering it an attractive cost\u2010saving alternative to standard PN across different healthcare 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