{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T23:33:11Z","timestamp":1788564791691,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]],"date-time":"2020-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Parenter Enteral Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a complex and costly therapy that places significant demands on healthcare resources. Commercially manufactured 3\u2010chamber bags (3CBs) offer potential time and cost advantages compared with hospital pharmacy\u2013compounded bags (HCBs); however, no data are yet available from studies comparing these delivery systems in US hospitals. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the PN preparation time and resource utilization required for 3CBs compared with HCBs in US hospitals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective, multicenter, time and motion study was performed to evaluate the time from transcription to completion of PN preparation and costs for 3CBs compared with HCBs. The cost per bag included labor, PN products, medical consumables, and equipment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One hundred thirty\u2010six PN prescriptions were prepared during the study (66 prescriptions for 3CBs and 70 prescriptions for HCBs). The mean \u00b1 standard deviation total time required for transcription, review, validation, and preparation of PN was 5.5 \u00b1 1.3 minutes for 3CBs vs 14.3 \u00b1 6.2 minutes for HCBs (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). The mean total cost per PN bag was $81.60 for 3CBs and $131.17 for HCBs (mean difference, \u2212$49.57).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Commercial 3CBs reduced staff time by 62% and direct costs by 37% compared with HCBs. The results demonstrate that 3CBs offer potential cost\u2010savings for hospitalized patients who require PN in US hospitals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,14]],"date-time":"2020-11-14T05:06:29Z","timestamp":1605330389000},"page":"1552-1558","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Multicenter Prospective Evaluation of Parenteral Nutrition Preparation Time and Resource Utilization: 3\u2010Chamber Bags Compared With Hospital Pharmacy\u2013Compounded Bags"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5386-8714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah V.","family":"Cogle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, Auburn University  Auburn Alabama USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy East Alabama Medical Center  Opelika Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9159-4486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert G.","family":"Martindale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Oregon Health and Science University  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mafalda","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IQVIA  Zaventem Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory J.","family":"Roberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Oregon Health and Science University  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela R.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology University of Oklahoma College of Medicine  Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaci","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy OU Medical Center  Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon S.","family":"Sacks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, Auburn University  Auburn Alabama USA"},{"name":"Medical Affairs Fresenius Kabi, LLC  Lake Zurich Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607111433624"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533615578459"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1538"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/clnu.2000.0106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607108322404"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607111427040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607111412974"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"2135","article-title":"Cost analysis of adult parenteral nutrition systems: three\u2010compartment bag versus customized","volume":"28","author":"Berlana D","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr Hosp"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1310\/hpj4902-170"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533617701883"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1436"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2019.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2014.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11594980-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp120733"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13189\/app.2013.010204"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607116657541"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"351","article-title":"Impact of parenteral nutrition standardization on costs and quality in adult patients","volume":"30","author":"Berlana D","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr Hosp"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics. 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