{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T21:05:14Z","timestamp":1780434314485,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Parenter Enteral Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thisstudy aimed to investigate the impact of fish oil\u2013based lipid emulsion (FO) on enterohepatic injuries and intestinal microbiota in piglets of parenteral nutrition (PN).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Newborn piglets were divided into three groups, including enteral diet (the controls), PN with 100% FO and PN with medium\u2010chain triglyceride\/long\u2010chain triglyceride\u2013based lipid emulsion (MCT\/LCT) for 14 days. Serum biochemical indicators, hepatic and intestinal histology, and expression of genes associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism were measured. The bile acid (BA) profiles in serum and the taxonomic composition of the gut microbiome in different intestinal segments were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with MCT\/LCT\u2013piglets, FO reduced inflammation, promoted fatty acid oxidation, and decreased oxidative stress in the liver. In the intestine, FO decreased intestinal inflammation and intestinal permeability, leading to reduced lipopolysaccharide entry into the blood circulation relative to MCT\/LCT\u2013piglets. PN groups have dominant contents of <jats:italic>Proteobacteria<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>, whereas the control group have <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic> at the phylum level. FO altered the taxonomic compositions of the gut microbiome in different segments, increased the relative abundance of <jats:italic>Bacteroidaceae<\/jats:italic> in ileum, and <jats:italic>Rikenellaceae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ruminococcaceae<\/jats:italic> in the colon. FO treatment shifted BA composition ratio in serum and had a lower ratio of secondary BAs to primary BAs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>FO alleviates PNLAD and intestinal injury by regulating the homeostasis of BAs\u2019 enterohepatic circulation and altering microbiota composition in different intestinal segments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T03:02:48Z","timestamp":1626922968000},"page":"709-720","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Fish oil\u2013based lipid emulsion alleviates parenteral nutrition\u2013associated liver diseases and intestinal injury in 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