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We describe the current definitions and characteristics of cachexia and sarcopenia and relate these to muscle wasting after severe burn. We then discuss these putative mechanisms of muscle atrophy in this condition. Severe burn and immobilization have distinctive patterns in mediating muscle wasting and muscle atrophy. In considering these two pathological phenotypes (cachexia and sarcopenia), we propose two independent principal causes and mechanisms of muscle mass loss after burns: (1) inflammation\u2010induced cachexia, leading to proteolysis and protein degradation, and (2) sarcopenia\/immobility that signals inhibition of expected increases in protein synthesis in response to protein loss. Because both are present following severe burn, these should be considered independently in devising treatments. Discussing cachexia and sarcopenia as independent mechanisms of severe burn\u2013initiated muscle wasting is explored. Recognition of these associated mechanisms will likely improve outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T00:04:15Z","timestamp":1626998655000},"page":"1627-1633","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Skeletal muscle wasting after a severe burn is a consequence of cachexia and sarcopenia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9371-9078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juquan","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Texas Medical Branch  Galveston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audra","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles E","family":"Wade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Injury Research and Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven E","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Texas Medical Branch  Galveston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2011.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"National Burn Repository 2017 Update: Report of Data from 2008\u20132017","author":"American Burn 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