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Leucine (Leu) is an agonist for the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway that regulates translation initiation and protein synthesis in skeletal muscle. Previously, we showed that intermittent intravenous pulses of Leu to neonatal pigs born at term receiving continuous enteral nutrition increases muscle protein synthesis and lean mass accretion. Our objective was to determine the impact of intermittent intravenous pulses of Leu on muscle protein anabolism in preterm neonatal pigs administered continuous parenteral nutrition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Following preterm delivery (on day 105 of 115 gestation), pigs were fitted with umbilical artery and jugular vein catheters and provided continuous parenteral nutrition. Four days after birth, pigs were assigned to receive intermittent Leu (1600\u2009\u00b5mol\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u2009h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098) or alanine (1600\u2009\u00b5mol\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u2009h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098) parenteral pulses every 4\u2009h for 28\u2009h. Anabolic signaling and fractional protein synthesis were determined in skeletal muscle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Leu concentration in the longissimus dorsi and gastrocnemius muscles increased in the leucine (LEU) group compared with the alanine (ALA) group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Despite the Leu\u2010induced disruption of the Sestrin2\u00b7GATOR2 complex, which inhibits mTORC1 activation, in these muscles (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), the abundance of mTOR\u00b7RagA and mTOR\u00b7RagC was not different. Accordingly, mTORC1\u2010dependent activation of 4EBP1, S6K1, eIF4E\u00b7eIF4G, and protein synthesis were not different in any muscle between the LEU and ALA groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intermittent pulses of Leu do not enhance muscle protein anabolism in preterm pigs supplied continuous parenteral nutrition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T06:09:21Z","timestamp":1663740561000},"page":"276-286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Regulation of skeletal muscle protein synthesis in the preterm pig by intermittent leucine pulses during continuous parenteral feeding"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Marko","family":"Rudar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agus","family":"Suryawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanh V.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaji K.","family":"Chacko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caitlin","family":"Vonderohe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Stoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8792-3339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas G.","family":"Burrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta L.","family":"Fiorotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4610-9795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa A.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HamiltonBE MartinJA OstermanMJK.Births: Provisional data for 2020. 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