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Inflammation has been identified as a key driver for disease\u2010related malnutrition promoting anorexia, reduced food intake, muscle loss, and on a cellular level, insulin resistance, which together stimulate catabolism. However, these effects may well be bidirectional, and there is strong evidence showing that nutrition influences inflammation. Several single nutrients and dietary patterns with either proinflammatory or anti\u2010inflammatory properties have been studied, such as the long\u2010chain \u03c9\u20103 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid or docosahexaenoic acid. The Mediterranean diet combines several such nutrients and has been shown to improve medical outcomes in the outpatient setting. In addition, there is increasing evidence suggesting that inflammation affects the metabolism and modulates the response to nutrition support interventions. In fact, recent studies from the medical inpatient setting suggest that inflammation, mirrored by high levels of C\u2010reactive protein, diminishes the positive effects of nutrition support. This may explain the lack of positive effects of some nutrition trials in severely ill patients, whereas similar approaches to nutritional support have shown positive results in less severely ill patients. The use of biomarkers, such as C\u2010reactive protein, may help to identify patients with a lower response to nutrition, in whom other treatment options need to be used. There is need for additional research to understand how to best address the malnourished patient with inflammation by specifically lowering inflammation through anti\u2010inflammatory medical treatments and\/or nutrition interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T08:05:15Z","timestamp":1704787515000},"page":"27-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Inflammation and response to nutrition interventions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1720-6462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Wunderle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine Cantonal Hospital Aarau Aarau 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